567 Pharm Quiz 1

Front 1

Pharmaceutics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacotherapeutics

Back 1

4 components of pharmacology

Front 2

in clinical pharmacology, this term combines everything - drugs or chemicals used for treatment, prevention and diagnosis of disease

Back 2

Pharmacotherapeutics

Front 3

Interactions between drugs and chemical components of living tissues or systems (the basic science of the drug – how and why). It determines the nature and intensity of the response.

Back 3

Pharmacodynamics

Front 4

study of movement of drugs in body - absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Back 4

Pharmacokinetics

Front 5

1.sources
2.constituents
3.dosage forms
4.routes of administration
5.stability
6.storage (follow directions of how to handle)

Back 5

Pharmaceutics

Front 6

ANY CHEMICAL that is put into the human body with the intent to affect function.
food extracts, herbs, supplements, Rx, illegal (natural is not safe)

FDA definition: a chemical INTENDED to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease.

Back 6

Drug

Front 7

It reviews the implementation of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 – to regulate drug safety, all new drugs must undergo testing for toxicity. It oversees and approves/denies new drugs for marketing, including both Rxs and OTCs

(BEFORE marketing, the MANUFACTURER determines with clinical trials:
safety, effectiveness, possible interaction with other substances, appropriate dosages)

Back 7

Federal Drug Administration (FDA)

Front 8

1.Marketing
2.Not required to report OTC adverse reactions
3.Can substitute a GRASE* ingredient without changing name of OTC drug
4.Can substitute a GRASE ingredient without warning (label) to public
*(GRASE generally regarded as safe equivalent)

Back 8

What is not regulated by the FDA of Over the Counter Drugs (OTCs)

Front 9

The FDA does not authorize or monitor premarket testing of these.
No quality control.
As long as the manufacturer does not use the terms "cure" or "treat" a specific disease, they can legally get away with selling a lot of unproven things.
NATURAL does not equal SAFE

Back 9

FDA does not regulate supplements - a supplement is not a drug

Front 10

1.Chemical classification - like structure
2.Pharmacological classification - mechanism of action
3.Therapeutic classification - indications or uses
4.Prototypes - Individual drugs that represent a group (classification) of drugs. Other drugs in that category will have similar features.

Back 10

Drug Classification

Front 11

This is therapeutically equivalent to original trade name.
Must prove BIOEQUIVALENCE without repeating all of the R&D (occasional differences in absorption - increase could lead to toxicity while decrease could lead to lessened therapeutic effect)
FDA approved

Back 11

Generic Drug

Front 12

The generic name is consistent (universal) for all. For older drugs, there may be many trade names. Not everyone prescribes the same trade name.

Back 12

Why is the generic name used in drug reference books?

Front 13

-Not everyone knows/uses the same trade
-Single chemical can have multiple trade names
-Different chemicals can have same trade name
-leads to miscommunication and medication errors

Back 13

What are the disadvantages of using trade names?

Front 14

Unapproved use of an FDA approved drug.
Practitioner prescribes drug for a different Dx that has not undergone research for that use.
Not illegal (malpractice if outcome is bad).

Back 14

Off label Drug (unlabeled)

Front 15

research only, no legal use
peyote, LSD, heroin

Back 15

UNITED STATES CONTROLLED DRUG SCHEDULE DEA
Schedule I

Front 16

Therapeutic use, high abuse potential
no refills on Rx; rewrite only
amphetamine
morphine
cocaine
opium

Back 16

UNITED STATES CONTROLLED DRUG SCHEDULE DEA
Schedule II

Front 17

lower abuse potential
5 refills before rewrite
refills must be made w/i 6 mos
stimulants
amobarbital
pentobarbital
paregoric
anabolic steroids

Back 17

UNITED STATES CONTROLLED DRUG SCHEDULE DEA
Schedule III

Front 18

lower abuse potential with possible psychological dependence
phenobarbital
petazocine
diazepam

Back 18

UNITED STATES CONTROLLED DRUG SCHEDULE DEA
Schedule IV

Front 19

low abuse potential
states vary
Terpin hydrate w/ codeine
triamine w/cod
Lomotil
Robitussin A-C

Back 19

UNITED STATES CONTROLLED DRUG SCHEDULE DEA
Schedule V

Front 20

TO ADMINISTER DRUGS
(per order of MD/DO, APN with *CTP)
*CTP=certificate to prescribe

Back 20

What is the nursing legal responsibility regarding drugs?

Front 21

right drug
right dose
right client
right time
right route of administration
Documentation sometimes considered the "sixth right"

Back 21

5 Rights

Front 22

T/F: an RN Cannot DISPENSE DRUGS IN OHIO.

Back 22

T: an RN Cannot DISPENSE DRUGS IN OHIO.

Front 23

T/F: MD/DO, APN with CTP can prescribe drugs in Ohio.

Back 23

T: MD/DO, APN with CTP can prescribe drugs in Ohio.

Front 24

MD/DO, APN with CTP

Back 24

WHO CAN DISPENSE DRUGS or SAMPLES IN OH?

Front 25

When discussing the use of any chemical with a patient, the professional and ethical responsibility is the same no matter what the chemical.
What are the chemicals?

Back 25

Prescriptive
Over the counter FDA approved drug
Herbal or supplement not approved by FDA

Front 26

A customized medication prepared by a pharmacist according to a doctor's specifications to meet an individual patient need. Pharmacists make medications from scratch using raw chemicals, powders and devices to meet the unique needs of prescribers and patients.
Who:Pharmacists
Where:Local pharmacy or corporate
Regulated:FDA, Federal govt., State govt.

Back 26

Compound Pharmacy

Front 27

Ask your pharmacist for recipe
Ask your pharmacist for reference on pharmacokinetics e.g. at MCO: Micromedic data base

Back 27

How you find out about the drugs compounded

Front 28

drug used for Dx, Tx, or prevent disease or condition affecting <200,000 people USA.
Not considered good financial investment for R&D and marketing.

Back 28

orphan drug

Front 29

1. preadministration assessment
2. dosage and administration
3. evaluating and promoting therapeutic effects
4. minimizing adverse effects
5. minimizing adverse interactions
6. making PRN decisions
7. managing toxicity

Back 29

Seven aspects of drug therapy

Front 30

5 rights – drug, patient, dose, time, route (documentation), in addition,
1.certain drugs have more than one indication
2.Many drugs can be administered by more than one route and dosage
3.certain intravenous agents can cause severe local injury if the line through which they are infused becomes extravsated.
*do not administer if you don’t understand

Back 30

"dosage and administration" basic guidelines to help the nurse provide correct drug administration

Front 31

pro re nata – as needed. Need to know the reason for the drug

Back 31

PRN decision

Front 32

1.drug name and therapeutic category
2.dosage size
3.dosing schedule
4.route and technique of administration
5.expected therapeutic response and when
6.nondrug measures to enhance
7.duration of tx
8.method of drug storage
9.symptoms of side-effects
10.drug-drug and drug-food interactions
11.whom to contact in event of therapeutic failure, severe adverse rxns, or interactions

Back 32

10 items the nurse must provide during patient education

Front 33

a.collect baseline data needed to evaluate therapeutic responses
b.collect baseline data needed to evaluate adverse effects
c.ID high-risk pts
d.asses the pts. capacity for self-care
DRUG HISTORY: included Rx, OTCs, supplementals and herbals, and nonmedicals, allergies, and idiosyncratic to pt.

Back 33

Nursing Process For Drugs:
1. Preadministration Assessment

Front 34

a.judge the appropriateness of the prescribed regimen
b.id potential problems the drug may cause
c.determine the pts capacity for self-care

Back 34

Nursing Process For Drugs:
2.Analysis: 3 objectives

Front 35

•the drug has no actions that are known to benefit individuals with the pts medical diagnosis
•the pt failed to respond to the drug in the past
•the pt had a serious adverse rxn to the drug in the past
•pt has a condition or is using a drug that contraindicates the prescribed drug

Back 35

When to question a drug's appropriateness

Front 36

goal: to produce maximum benefit with minimum harm.
Allows you to anticipate adverse effects, rather than react after the fact.
a. define goals
b. set priorities
c. id interventions
-drug administration, interventions to enhance therapeutic effects
-interventions to minimize adverse effects and interactions
-pt education
d. establish criteria for interventions

Back 36

Nursing Process For Drugs:
3. Planning

Front 37

a.drug administration
b.pt education
c.interventions to promote therapeutic effects
d.interventions to minimize adverse effects

Back 37

Nursing Process For Drugs:
Implementation

Front 38

a.therapeutic responses
b.adverse drug rxns and interactions
c.compliance
d.satisfaction with Tx

Back 38

Nursing Process For Drugs:
5.Evaluation

Front 39

To reinforce the relationship between pharmacologic knowledge and nursing practice.

Back 39

What is the reason nursing implications are integrated into each chapter?

Front 40

1.Preadministration Assessment
Therpaeutic Goals
Baseline Data
ID High-Risk Pts
2.Implementation: Administration-Routes, Administration
Implementation: Measures to Enhance Therapeutic Effects
3.Ongoing Evaluation and Interventions
Summary of Monitoring
Evaluating Therapeutic Effects
Minimizing Adverse Effects
Minimizing Adverse Interactions
Managing Toxicity

Back 40

Modified Nursing Process Format

Front 41

deficient knowledge related to the drug regimen

Back 41

A good all-purpose nursing diagnoses when it comes to drugs.