5-Face And Scalp

Front 1

What are the muscles of facial expression innervated by? Name this nerves branches?

Back 1

CN VII (facial)
temporal zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical

Front 2

All the muscles of facial expression are derived from what?

Back 2

second branchial arch

Front 3

Name the 5 muscles of the mouth.

Back 3

orbicularis oris, depressor anguli oris, zygomaticus major, levator labii superioris, depressor labii inferioris

Front 4

Which muscle of the mouth is important for articulation and mastication?

Back 4

orbicularis oris

Front 5

Which muscle of the mouth raises the corner of the mouth (smile)?

Back 5

zygomaticus major

Front 6

Name the muscle of the cheek. What is it important for?

Back 6

buccinator
keeping food on the molars

Front 7

Which muscle of the eyelid helps empty the lacrimal sac?

Back 7

orbicularis oculi

Front 8

Which muscle is important for closing the eyelid to protect the cornea?

Back 8

orbicularis oculi

Front 9

What CN innervates the orbicularis oculi?

Back 9

CNVII

Front 10

Which muscle raises the eyelids?

Back 10

levator palpebrae superioris

Front 11

Which CN innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

Back 11

CNIII

Front 12

The upper eyelid is raised by CN ____ and the lower and upper eyelids are closed by CN ____.

Back 12

III
VII

Front 13

Which muscle raises the eyebrows?

Back 13

frontalis

Front 14

What is the action of the procerus?

Back 14

wrinkles bridge of nose and helps open nostrils

Front 15

Name the two portions of the nasalis.

Back 15

compressor narism and dilator naris m

Front 16

What is the function of the nasalis?

Back 16

close and open the nasal apertures

Front 17

Sensory innervation of the face is provided by what CN? Name the three divisions.

Back 17

trigeminal (V)
opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

Front 18

Name the divisions of the trigeminal opthalmic.

Back 18

nasociliary, frontal, and lacrimal

Front 19

Name the divisions of the trigeminal maxillary.

Back 19

infraorbital, zygomaticofacial, zygomaticoteporal

Front 20

Name the divisions of the trigeminal mandibular.

Back 20

mental, buccal, and auriculotemporal

Front 21

Name the branches of the nasocilliary nerve.

Back 21

external nasal and infratrochlear nerves

Front 22

Name the branches of the frontal nerve.

Back 22

supratrochlear and supraorbital

Front 23

What is Bell's palsy? What can be isolated 80% of the time?

Back 23

paralysis of facial muscles, normally unilateral
Herpes simplex virus

Front 24

Deep facial lacerations may cut branches of which nerve?

Back 24

facial nerve

Front 25

What generally occurs if the laceration to the face is medial to the lateral canthus of the eye?

Back 25

the cut branches of the facial nerve will re-innervate their target muscles and function will be restored over time

Front 26

What generally is done is the laceration to the face is lateral to the lateral canthus of the eye?

Back 26

the cut ends of the facial nerve are located and specifically reattached in order to increase the likelihood of re-innervation of the muscle of facial expression

Front 27

Blood that supplies the face comes from what arteries?

Back 27

internal and external carotid arteries

Front 28

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Back 28

facial (or external maxillary), superficial temporal, and transverse facial

Front 29

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery?

Back 29

supratrochlear, supraorbital, dorsal nasal

Front 30

Name the chief artery off the external carotid. What branches does it give off?

Back 30

facial
inferior and superior labial artery

Front 31

The facial artery runs superficial to the ___ and ____ but deep to the ____ and ____.

Back 31

superficial-buccinator and masseter m
deep-zygomaticus major and levator labii superioris m

Front 32

What is the terminal branch of the external carotid?

Back 32

superficial temporal artery

Front 33

Name the two branches of the superficial temporal artery.

Back 33

frontal and parietal baranches of superficial temporal arteries

Front 34

Which branch of the external carotid artery is used by anesthesiologies to measure pulse?

Back 34

superficial temporal artery

Front 35

What is the path of the transverse facial artery?

Back 35

crosses external to the masseter m to area around inferior/lateral eye

Front 36

What does the supratrochlear artery supply?

Back 36

area above the nose

Front 37

What does the supraorbital artery supply?

Back 37

area above the eye

Front 38

What does the dorsal nasal artery supply?

Back 38

bridge of nose

Front 39

Which vein provides the major venous drainage of the face?

Back 39

facial vein

Front 40

Where does the facial vein start? What does it drain to?

Back 40

starts at inner canthus of the eye, drains into the internal jugular vein

Front 41

The facial vein has anastomotic connections with the _____ via the _____ and _____.

Back 41

cavernous sinus
superior ophthalmic vein
pterygoid plexus

Front 42

Which vein drains the temporal and face? What does it empty into?

Back 42

superficial temporal vein
retromandibular vein

Front 43

What forms the retromandibular vein?

Back 43

junction of superficial temporal and maxillary veins

Front 44

The retromandibular vein divides to form what?

Back 44

the external jugular vein w/ the posterior auricular

Front 45

The retromandibular vein gives off a branch of the facial vein which drains into what?

Back 45

internal jugular vein

Front 46

Where does blood from the inner canthus of eye and nose usually drain? What is the significance of the 'danger zone'?

Back 46

facial vein
has no valves and there are anastomotic connections to the cavernous sinus via the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, bacteria from a pimple can end up dangerously close to the brain

Front 47

Name the five layers of the scalp from superficial to deep.

Back 47

skin, CT, aponeurosis, loose CT, periostium

Front 48

Which layer of the scalp is highly vascular?

Back 48

CT

Front 49

Describe the aponeurosis of the scalp.

Back 49

dense CT

Front 50

Which layer of the scalp does the aponeurosis glide?

Back 50

loose CT

Front 51

Which layer of the scalp is dense CT attached to the bone with Sharpey's fibers?

Back 51

periostium

Front 52

Which layers of the scalp act as the 'functional scalp'.

Back 52

the outer 3 layers = skin, CT, aponeurosis

Front 53

The dense CT aponeurosis is continuous with the dense CT surrounding what?

Back 53

the occipitalis m posteriorly and the frontalis m anteriorly

Front 54

What are the occipitalis m and frontalis m derived from? Which CN innervates them?

Back 54

second branchial arch
CN VII

Front 55

What does the occipitalis m originate from?

Back 55

superior nuchal line

Front 56

What is the bony attachment of the frontalis m?

Back 56

it has no bony attachments

Front 57

What is the epicranial aponeurosis limited by anteriorly? posteriorly? laterally?

Back 57

a-eyelids and root of the nose
p=superior nuchal line
l-zygomatic arch and temporalis muscle fascia

Front 58

Which layer of the scalp is called the 'danger zone'.

Back 58

loose CT

Front 59

Lacerations through the ____ tend to gap widely due to pulling of the frontalis and occipitalis muscles.

Back 59

epicranial aponeurosis

Front 60

Why don't arteries of the scalp contract after a laceration?

Back 60

the aponeurosis is tough

Front 61

Sensory innervation of the scalp is by what?

Back 61

CNV and cervical plexus (C2,3)

Front 62

Arteries of the scalp run within what?

Back 62

CT of 'true scalp' (second layer)

Front 63

Name the branches of the external carotid artery that supply the scalp.

Back 63

occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal

Front 64

Name the branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the scalp.

Back 64

supratrochlear and supraorbital

Front 65

Name 4 veins of the scalp.

Back 65

supraorbital, supratrochlear, superficial temporal, posterior auricular

Front 66

What is pulled away during scalping?

Back 66

hair, skin, CT and epicranial aponeurosis
loose CT usually gives way and leave skull exposed

Front 67

Describe what makes a surgical flap successful. Give an example.

Back 67

better if they contain arteries, veins and nerves
the central region of the forehead that contains the supratrochlear NAV works very well for re-covering the nose