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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which receptors are involved in stimulating vomiting? |
- Histamine H1 receptor - Dopamine D2 receptor - Muscarinic receptor - Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor - Neurokinin NK1 receptor |
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Name some emetics |
Emetine, apomorphine |
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What is the mechanism of action of apomorphine? |
Apomorphine is a dopamine receptor agonist. |
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Which drug types can be used as antiemetics? |
- 1st gen. histamine H1 antagonists - Dopamine D2 antagonists - Muscarinic antagonists - Serotonin 5-HT3 antagonists - Neurokinin NK1 antagonists - Cannabinoids - Corticosteroids |
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Name some 1st generation histamine H1 receptor antagonists used as antiemetics |
Cyclizine, promethazine |
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Name some dopamine D2 receptor antagonists used as antiemetics |
Metoclopramide, droperidol |
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Name some muscarinic receptor antagonists used as antiemetics |
Scopolamine |
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Name some serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists used as antiemetics |
Ondansetron, granisetron |
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Name some neurokinin NK1 receptors antagonistsused as antiemetics |
Netupitant, aprepitant |
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Which antiemetics are more effective in nausea caused by motion sickness?
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Antihistamines and antimuscarinics like scopolamine |
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Which antiemetics are more effective in nausea caused by chemotherapy? |
- D2 antagonists - 5-HT3 antagonists - Corticosteroids - Cannabinoids - NK1 antagonists |
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Which cytotoxic drugs are especially emetogenic? |
Cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin |
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Name some prokinetic drugs. |
Domperidone, metoclopramide and prucalopride |
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What are the indications of prokinetic drugs? |
Prokinetic drugs are used in GERD, disorders of gastric emptying and as laxatives |
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What is the mechanism of action of domperidone? |
Domperidone is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. |
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What is the mechanism of action of metoclopramide? |
Metoclopramide is D2 receptor antagonist and a serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist. |
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What is the mechanism of action of prucalopride? |
Prucalopride is a serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist. |
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Which receptors are important for prokinetic drugs?
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- Dopamine D2 receptors - Serotonin 5-HT4 receptors Blocking D2 receptors increases the tone of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Activating 5-HT4 receptors stimulate gastric emptying and duodenal peristalsis. |
