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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normative
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or purpose- focuses on design
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positive
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focuses on advancing science
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DIME
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Dual independent map encoding, created for US bureau of census and made a data base for holding census data
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GISystems
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Technology and Tools
System of: Hardware, Software, Network, Data, People, and Procedures |
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GIScience
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Lies in the core of Society, Computers, and the Individual.
Fundamental Issues raised by the use of GIS |
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GIStudies
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the systematic study of the use of geographic information
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Roger's Diffusion Model
5 steps and interpreted |
Innovators - Risk Takers
Early adopters - Opinion Formers Early Majority - Peer Folowers Late Majority Mass market followers Laggards- Oriented to the past |
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Representation
3 characteristics |
Needed to Convey Information
Fits info into a standard form/model Almost always simplify the truth being represented |
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Interval
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If differences between values make sense. Celsius is a good example
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Ratio
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when ratios between make sense. Kelvin- having an absolute zero, no arbitrary starting point
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Discrete Object
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Viewingt he world as a table top, objects with well defined boundaries, that are countable, they can be points, lines, or area, Mainly should stay persistent through time
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Continous Field
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Properties that vary continously over space
pH,Population Density, Atmospheric Pressure/temp |
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Raster
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divides the world into square cells
Discrete- as collection of one or more cells Fields- assigning attribute values to the cells |
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Vector
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All lines are captured as points connected by precisely straight lines at (x,y) cordinates
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Spatial Heterogeneity
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The tendency of geographic places and regions to be different from each other
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Spatial Autocorrelation
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Degree with which near and more distant things are interrelated determined both by similarities in position and attributes
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Temporal Autocorrelation
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Relationships between consecutive events in time
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isotropic surface
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surface with the same properties everwhere (iso-equal)(tropic-direction)
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distance decay
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interaction decreases with distance
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spheroid
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3D shape obtained by rotating an ellipse about its axis
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conformal
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ensures that the shapes of small features on earth's surface are preserved, preserves the angles
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Why GIS Matters
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ALmost everything happens somewhere. Most decisions have geographic consequences. Knowing is critically important.
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Why GIS is special
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Its multi-dimensional (X,Y), Its voluminous- takes up alot of room, May be represented at different levels of spatial resolutions, Often must be represented on a Flat surface, It is time consuming
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