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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which drugs can be useful for treating neuropathic pain? |
- Tricyclic antidepressants - Antiepileptics - Local anaesthetics - Capsaicin - Nabiximols - Glucocorticoids |
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How is capsaicin administered to treat neuropathic pain? |
It is given as a dermal patch placed on the painful area for one hour. |
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What is the mechanism of action of capsaicin? |
Capsaicin binds to receptors in nociceptive nerve endings and reversibly damage them, preventing them from causing neuropathic pain |
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What should be applied before the dermal patch of capsaicin? |
Local anaesthetics, to prevent the local burning. |
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How long does it take for the effect of capsaicin to develop, and how long does the effect last? |
It takes 1 – 2 weeks for the analgesic effect to develop, but it lasts for up to 3 months. |
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Which three drug classes can be used to treat gout? |
- Uricostatic agents - drugs that reduce the formation of uric acid - Uricolytic agents - drugs that cleave uric acid - Uricosuric agents - drugs that increase renal excretion of uric acid |
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Which uricostatic agents are most important? |
Allopurinol and febuxostat |
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What is the mechanism of action of uricostatic agents? |
These agents inhibit xanthine oxidase, the enzyme which produces uric acid |
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What can be an adverse effect of drugs used to treat gout during the first weeks of treatment? |
Gouty attacks may occur during the first weeks of treatment. NSAIDs or colchicine should be administered to prevent this. |
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Which drugs do uricostatic agents interact with? |
Azathioprine and mercaptopurine, as these drugs are metabolised by xanthine oxidase |
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Which uricolytic agents are most important? |
Rasburicase |
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What is the mechanism of action of uricolytic agents? |
Uricolytic agents (rasburicase) is a recombinant form of urate oxidase, an enzyme which breaks down uric acid. |
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Which uricosuric agents are most important? |
Probenacid and lesinurad |
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What is the mechanism of action of uricosuric agents? |
Uricosuric agents inhibit the URAT1 protein in the tubules, which reabsorbs uric acid. |
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What can be a potential side effect of uricosuric agents? |
Uricosuric agents increase the risk of urate urolithiasis. |
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Which drugs are used to treat acute gouty attacks? |
NSAIDs, colchicine and glucocorticoids |
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What is the mechanism of action of colchicine? |
Colchicine interferes with microtubules, thereby reducing the phagocytic activity of neutrophils. |
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Which drugs are used as centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants? |
Baclofen, nabiximols, benzodiazepines and tizanidine |
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What is the mechanism of action of baclofen? |
Baclofen is a GABA-B receptor agonist. |
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What is the mechanism of action of nabiximols? |
Nabiximols bind to and activate cannabinoid receptors, which inhibit the stretch reflex. |
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What is the mechanism of action of tizanidine? |
Tizanidine is an α2 receptor agonist which inhibits the stretch reflex. |
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Which drugs are used as peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants? |
Botulinum toxin, dantrolene. |
