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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Element |
A material made from only one type of atom |
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Atom and what it is made of |
The smallest unit of matter made up of protons neutrons and electrons |
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Charges of the different parts of an atom |
Protons (+) electrons (-) neutrons are neutral |
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Compound |
A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements |
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Chemical reaction |
The change that happens when one substance reacts to another |
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Bonds |
Forces that hold atoms together |
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Describe a covalent bond |
In a covalent bond, the atoms share electrons and that bonds them together |
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Describe a ionic bond |
One atom gives another atom an electron so that one is positively charged and the other is negatively charged and then they attract to each other |
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Vander waals forces |
The slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules. The molecules need to be within 5 nanometers of each other |
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What makes a molecule polar |
When the charges is the molecule are unevenly distributed |
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What is a hydrogen bond |
Because hydrogen atoms are polar one end of a hydrogen atom can attract to an oppositely charged end of another hydrogen atom. They are not as strong of bonds as covalent or ionic but hydrogen atoms can be in multiple hydrogen bonds at once |
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What are waters 3 special properties |
Adhesion Cohesion Heat capacity |
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What is a mixture |
Two substances that are physically mixed together, but not chemically combined |
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What is a solution and what are the parts |
when all the components are evenly distributed. The "dissolving" thing is the solute and the thing that it is dissolving in is the solvent |
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what is a suspension |
a mixture of water and undissolved material |
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what does the ph scale measure |
it measures how acidic or basic something is. In relation to hydrogen ions though, there is more hydrogen ions the lower the number you are at on the ph scale |
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what will happen if the ph in your body high or too low |
It will affect the chemical reactions taking place inside your cells |
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what are buffers |
weak acids or basics that can act against strong acids or basics to prevent sharp changes in ph |
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what element are all living things based on |
carbon |
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what can carbon do |
It can form strong covalent bonds with many other elements |
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what elements can carbon bond with |
Hydrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur Nitrogen |
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What are the 4 macromolecules |
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids |
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What are carbohydrates use for |
Carbohydrates are used for energy. Sugars are carbohydrates and so are complex carbohydrates. Some plants use Carbohydrates for structural purposes too |
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What are Lipids used for |
Lipids are used to store energy. Examples of lipids are Fats Oils and Waxes. You need Lipids to survive, contrary to popular belief |
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what are nucleic acids used for |
nucleic acids are used to store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information. Examples of these are DNA and RNA |
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what are the three jobs of proteins |
1) control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes 2) form important cellular structures 3)transport substances into or out of cells or help to fight disease |
