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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are they safe for pregnant women? |
No |
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What are the indications for RAAS-modifying drugs? |
Hypertension heart failure MI progressive renal impairment diabetic nephropathy. |
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Which receptors does angiotensin II act on? |
AT1 and AT2. AT2 is less active than AT1, so AT1 is the most important. |
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What are the effects of AT1-receptors? |
Vasoconstriction, increased NE release from brain, increased reabsorption of Na+ from proximal tubule, leads to secretion of aldosterone and stimulates growth of heart and vascular cells. It actives also NF-kB, stimulating inflammation, fibrosis and hypertrophy of heart. |
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Name the renin-inhibitor and how it works |
Aliskiren. Orally active, non-peptide molecule that binds to the active site on renin. Used to treat primary hypertension. |
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Name ACE inhibitors. |
Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, benazepril, ramipril, fosinopril. |
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Pharmacological effects of ACEIs? |
- Reduce symp outflow. - Reduce TPR - Reduce aldosterone secretion - Increase perfusion of kidneys - Reduce afterload and preload - Reduce myocardial hypertrophy - Reduce ADH secretion |
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Indications of ACEIs? |
First line treatment of non-complicated hypertension when there is also heart failure, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. They can also treat symptomatic heart failure with beta-blockers. Protect the kidneys due to decreased vasoconstriction of the kidney. |
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Side-effects of ACEIs? |
Hypotension dry cough due to accumulation of bradykinin hyperkalemia acute renal failure due to decreased GFR skin rash angioedema |
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What can ACEIs interact with? |
Antacids decrease their oral bioavailability. K+-sparing diuretics and K+ supplements - can worsen hyperkalemia. |
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Mechanism of action of angiotensin II receptor antagonists? |
They block AT1 receptors selectively. |
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What ending do the angiotensin II receptor antagonists have? |
-sartan |
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Name angiotensin II receptor antagonists. |
Losartan, valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan, telmisartan, olmesartan and eprosartan. |
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Indications for AT II receptor antagonists? |
Same indications as for ACEIs, but as alternatives if ACEIs have too many side effects or are not tolerated. |
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Side effects of AT II-receptor antagonists? |
Hypotension, hyperkalemia, GI-problems and headache. |
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What is special for losartan? |
It is specially uricosuric, increasing the excretion of uric acid, which lowers the risk for gout. |
