2-8

Front 1

stave off

Back 1

stave something ↔ off
phrasal verb (past tense and past participle staved)
to keep someone or something from reaching you or affecting you for a period of time
She brought some fruit on the journey to stave off hunger.

Front 2

burn out

Back 2

burn out
phrasal verb
1) if a fire burns out or burns itself out, it stops burning because there is no coal, wood etc left
He left the fire to burn itself out.
2) be burnt out if a building or vehicle is burnt out, the inside of it is destroyed by fire
The hotel was completely burnt out. Only the walls remained.
We passed several burnt out cars.
3) burn something ↔ out to remove something by burning it
The cancer cells are burnt out using a laser beam.
4) to work so hard over a period of time that you become unable to continue working because you are tired, ill, or unable to think of any new ideas
It’s a high-pressure job and you could burn out young.
be/get burnt out
He was almost burnt out by the time he was 21.
|
burn yourself out
She’s in danger of burning herself out.
( (1) )

5) if an engine or electric wire burns out or is burnt out, it stops working because it has been damaged by getting too hot
The plugs are wired so that if one burns out, the others will still start the engine.
burn something ↔ out
I think you’ve burnt out one of the gaskets.
6) if a ROCKET or JET burns out, it stops working because all its FUEL has been used ( (2) )

Front 3

counterpart

Back 3

coun‧ter‧part
/ˈkaʊntəpɑːt $ -tərpɑːrt/noun [C]
someone or something that has the same job or purpose as someone or something else in a different place
somebody’s counterpart
Belgian officials are discussing this with their French counterparts.

Front 4

thereby

Back 4

  there‧by
AC /ðeəˈbaɪ, ˈðeəbaɪ $ ðerˈbaɪ, ˈðer-/adverb (formal)
with the result that something else happens
thereby doing something
He became a citizen in 1978, thereby gaining the right to vote.

Front 5

Overall

Back 5

  o‧ver‧all1
S3 W2 AC
/ˌəʊvərˈɔːl◂ $ ˌoʊvərˈɒːl◂/adjective [only before noun]
considering or including everything
The overall cost of the exhibition was £400,000.
The overall result is an increase in population.
An overall winner and a runner-up were chosen.
We don’t want all the details now, just the overall picture.

Front 6

wellbeing

Back 6

  ˌwell-ˈbeing
noun [U]
1) a feeling of being comfortable, healthy, and happy
well-being of
We are responsible for the care and well-being of all our patients.
a sense/feeling of well-being
A good meal promotes a feeling of well-being.
physical/psychological/material etc well-being
the physical and emotional well-being of the children
2) the well-being of a country is the state in which it is strong and doing well
We are now concerned for the economic well-being of the country.

Front 7

bond

Back 7

  bond1
AC /bɒnd $ bɑːnd/noun [C]


1) money an official document promising that a government or company will pay back money that it has borrowed, often with INTEREST
My father put all his money into stock market bonds.
furious trading on the bond market
see also → JUNK BOND
→ PREMIUM BOND
→ SAVINGS BOND
2) relationship something that unites two or more people or groups, such as love, or a shared interest or idea → tie
bond between
the emotional bond between mother and child
bond with
the United States’ special bond with Britain
bond of
lifelong bonds of friendship
3) bonds [plural] (literary) something that limits your freedom and prevents you from doing what you want
bonds of
the bonds of fear and guilt
4) with glue the way in which two surfaces become attached to each other using glue
Use a glue gun to form a strong bond on wood or china.
5) chemistry (technical) the chemical force that holds atoms together in a MOLECULE
In each methane molecule there are four CH bonds.
6) written agreement a written agreement to do something, that makes you legally responsible for doing it → contract
7) my word is my bond (formal) used to say that you will definitely do what you have promised
8) in/out of bond (technical) in or out of a BONDED WAREHOUSE

Front 8

relieve

Back 8

  re‧lieve
S3 /rɪˈliːv/ verb [T]


1) pain to reduce someone’s pain or unpleasant feelings → relief
Drugs helped to relieve the pain.
relieve tension/pressure/stress etc
Some people eat for comfort, to relieve their anxieties.
2) problem to make a problem less difficult or serious
programs aimed at relieving unemployment
3) replace somebody to replace someone when they have completed their duty or when they need a rest
The guard will be relieved at midnight.
4) relieve yourself a polite expression meaning to URINATE – often used humorously
5) boring to make something less dull and boring
a plain wall relieved by flecks of blue and yellow
relieve the boredom/monotony
The books helped relieve the boredom of waiting.
6) war (formal) to free a town which an enemy has surrounded
relieve somebody of something
phrasal verb
1) (formal) to help someone by taking something from them, especially a job they do not want to do or something heavy that they are carrying
A secretary was hired to relieve her of some of the administrative work.
He rose and relieved her of her bags.
2) relieve somebody of their post/duties/command etc (formal) to take away someone’s job because they have done something wrong
After the defeat General Meyer was relieved of his command.
3) to steal something from someone – used humorously
A couple of guys relieved him of his wallet.

Front 9

relief

Back 9

  re‧lief
S2 W2 /rɪˈliːf/ noun


1) comfort [singular, U] a feeling of comfort when something frightening, worrying, or painful has ended or has not happened → relieve
I felt a huge surge of relief and happiness.
with relief
He watched with relief as the girl nodded.
in relief
He laughed in relief.
No one was hurt, and we all breathed a sigh of relief.
it is a relief to see/have/know etc something
I hate to say it, but it was a relief to have him out of the house.
to somebody’s relief
To my relief, they spoke English.
what a relief/that’s a relief
The doctor said it was just the flu. What a relief!
2) reduction of pain [U] when something reduces someone’s pain or unhappy feelings
Marijuana can provide pain relief for some cancer patients.
relief of
the relief of suffering
relief from
The cool room provided relief from the terrible heat outdoors.
3) help [U] money, food, clothes etc given to people who are poor or hungry
money raised for the relief effort
disaster/famine/flood etc relief
famine relief for victims of the drought
4) replacement [U] a person or group of people that replaces another one and does their work after they have finished
the relief for the military guard
a relief driver
5) decoration [C,U] a way of decorating wood, stone etc with a shape or figure that is raised above the surface, or the decoration itself → bas relief
in relief
figures carved in relief
6) bring/throw something into relief also stand out in relief to make something very noticeable, or to be very noticeable
sharp/stark relief
The tree stood out in stark relief against the snow.
The article throws into sharp relief the differences between the two theories.
7) light/comic relief a funny moment during a serious film, book, or situation
a moment of comic relief
8) money [U] (old-fashioned) (especially AmE) money given by the government to help people who are poor, old, unemployed etc SYN welfare
on relief
families on relief during the Depression
9) war [U] (formal) the act of freeing a town when it has been surrounded by an enemy
relief of
the relief of Mafeking
10) map in relief if you show a part of the Earth’s surface in relief, you show the differences in height between different parts of it
→ TAX RELIEF

Front 10

fewer

Back 10

(used with a plural verb) a smaller number

Front 11

teen

Back 11

  teen1
/tiːn/ adjective [only before noun] (informal)
relating to teenagers or used by teenagers SYN teenage
a rock star and teen idol
a teen magazine

Front 12

discount

Back 12

  dis‧count1
S3 /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ noun [C]
a reduction in the usual price of something
10% discount/discount of 25% etc
Members get a 15% discount.
at a discount
Employees can buy books at a discount.
discount on
The Young Persons Railcard gives you a discount on rail travel.
offer/give somebody a discount
discount price/fare
discount airfares to Europe
discount store/shop/warehouse
(=a place where you can buy goods cheaply)

Front 13

qualify

Back 13

qual‧i‧fy

S3 W3 /ˈkwɒlfaɪ $ ˈkwɑː-/verb (past tense and past participle qualifiedpresent participle qualifyingthird person singular qualifies)

1) have a right [I,T] to have the right to have or do something, or to give someone this right

Free school lunches are given to children who qualify.

qualify for

You may qualify for unemployment benefit.

qualify somebody/something for something

Membership qualifies you for a discount on purchases.

2) pass exam [I] to pass an examination or finish a course of study that you need in order to do something

qualify as

I finally qualified as a pilot.

After qualifying, doctors spend at least two years working in hospitals.

3) be considered something [I] to have all the necessary qualities to be considered to be a particular thing

qualify as

It doesn’t qualify as a date if you bring your children with you.

4) give somebody skills/knowledge [T] if something qualifies you to do something, you have the necessary skills, knowledge, ability etc to do it

qualify somebody for something

Fluency in three languages qualifies her for work in the European Parliament.

qualify somebody to do something

The certificate qualifies you to work as a dental assistant.

5) sport [I] to reach the necessary standard to enter or continue in a competition or sports event

qualify for

She qualified for a spot on the U.S. Olympic speed skating team.

6) add something [T] to add to something that has already been said, in order to limit its effect or meaning

Could I just qualify that last statement?

7) grammar [T] if a word or phrase qualifies another word or phrase, it limits or adds to the meaning of it → qualifier

Front 14

breastfeed

Back 14

  ˈbreast-feed
verb (past tense and past participle breast-fed) [I,T]
if a woman breast-feeds, she feeds her baby with milk from her breast rather than from a bottle SYN nurse → suckle → bottle-feed

Front 15

determine

Back 15

  de‧ter‧mine
W2 /dɪˈtɜːmn $ -ɜːr-/verb [T]
1) to find out the facts about something SYN establish
Investigators are still trying to determine the cause of the fire.
determine how/what/who etc
The aim of the inquiry was to determine what had caused the accident.
determine that
Experts have determined that the signature was forged.
2) if something determines something else, it directly influences or decides it
The amount of available water determines the number of houses that can be built.
The age of a wine is a determining factor as to how it tastes.
determine how/whether/what etc
How hard the swimmers work now will determine how they perform in the Olympics.
3) to officially decide something
The date of the court case has not yet been determined.
determine how/what/who etc
The tests will help the doctors determine what treatment to use.
4) determine to do something (formal) to decide to do something
We determined to leave at once.

Front 16

essential

Back 16

  es‧sen‧tial1
S3 W2 /ɪˈsenʆl/ adjective
1) extremely important and necessary
essential for/to
A good diet is essential for everyone.
it is essential (that)
It is essential that our pilots are given the best possible training.
it is essential to do something
It is essential to book in advance.
Window locks are fairly cheap and absolutely essential.
Even in small companies, computers are an essential tool.
2) the essential part, quality, or feature of something is the most basic one SYN fundamental
The essential difference between Sam and me was the fact that I took life seriously.
The essential point of relay racing is that it is a team effort.

Front 17

thanksgiving

Back 17

  thanks‧giv‧ing
/ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ◂/ noun [C,U] (formal)
an expression of thanks to God

Front 18

Definitely

Back 18

  def‧i‧nite‧ly
S1 AC
/ˈdefɪntli, ˈdefntli/ adverb
without any doubt SYN certainly
‘Do you reckon Margot will be there?’ ‘Definitely not.’
The hotel fitness centre is definitely worth a visit.
I definitely need a holiday.

Front 19

abroad

Back 19

  a‧broad
S2 W3 /əˈbrɔːd $ əˈbrɒːd/adverb
1) in or to a foreign country
I’ve never lived abroad before.
She often goes abroad on business.
We never travelled abroad when we were kids.
goods imported from abroad
The books about Harry Potter have been very popular, both at home and abroad.
2) (formal) if a feeling, piece of news etc is abroad, a lot of people feel it or know about it
commercial secrets which we did not want to be spread abroad

Front 20

wander

Back 20

  wan‧der1
S3 /ˈwɒndə $ ˈwɑːndər/verb


1) without direction [I,T] to walk slowly across or around an area, usually without a clear direction or purpose
wander in/through/around etc
I’ll wander around the mall for half an hour.
She wandered aimlessly about the house.
Ana wandered off to get a drink.
He was found wandering the streets of New York.
2) move away [I] also wander off to walk away from where you are supposed to stay
Don’t let any of the kids wander off.
3) mind/thoughts [I] if your mind, thoughts etc wander, you no longer pay attention to something, especially because you are bored or worried
Mrs Snell’s mind wandered and the voices went on and on.
4) conversation [I] to start to talk about something not related to the main subject that you were talking about before
wander from/off
Pauline started to wander from the point.
5) somebody’s mind is wandering used to say that someone has become unable to think clearly, especially because they are old
6) eyes [I] if your eyes or your GAZE wander, you look around slowly at different things or at all parts of something
His gaze wandered round the room.
7) road/river [I] if a road or a river wanders somewhere, it does not go straight but in curves SYN meander
wander through/across/along
The Missouri River wanders across several states.
8) hands [I] if a man’s hands wander, he touches the body of a woman he is with, especially where she does not want him to
Be careful, he’s got wandering hands.

Front 21

console

Back 21

  con‧sole1
/kənˈsəʊl $ -ˈsoʊl/verb [T]
to make someone feel better when they are feeling sad or disappointed → consolation
No one could console her when Peter died.
console yourself with something
She consoled herself with the fact that no one else had done well in the exam either.
console yourself that
He consoled himself that he would see Kate again soon.

Front 22

trap

Back 22

  trap2
verb (past tense and past participle trappedpresent participle trapping) [T]


1) in a dangerous place [usually passive] to prevent someone from escaping from somewhere, especially a dangerous place
Twenty miners were trapped underground.
Dozens of people were trapped in the rubble when the building collapsed.
There’s no way out! We’re trapped!
2) in a bad situation be/feel trapped to be in a bad situation from which you cannot escape
be/feel trapped in
Julia felt trapped in her role of wife and mother.
3) animal to catch an animal or bird using a trap
4) catch somebody to catch someone by forcing them into a place from which they cannot escape
The police trapped the terrorists at a roadblock.
5) trick to trick someone so that you make them do or say something that they did not intend to
trap somebody into (doing) something
I was trapped into signing a confession.
6) crush (BrE) to get a part of your body crushed between two objects SYN pinch
Mind you don’t trap your fingers in the door.
pain from a trapped nerve
7) gas/water etc to prevent something such as gas or water from getting away
solar panels that trap the sun’s heat

Front 23

explosive

Back 23

  ex‧plo‧sive1
/ɪkˈspləʊsɪv $ -ˈsploʊ-/adjective
1) able or likely to explode
Because the gas is highly explosive, it needs to be kept in high-pressure containers.
A small explosive device (=bomb) was set off outside the UN headquarters today.
2) [usually before noun] relating to or like an explosion
the explosive force of volcanoes
3) likely to become violent or to cause feelings of violence
He’s good at defusing potentially explosive situations.
the explosive issue of uncontrolled immigration
4) showing sudden strong or angry emotion
Both men suddenly spoke in the same explosive tone of voice.
5) [usually before noun] increasing suddenly or quickly in amount or number
the explosive growth of microcomputers
6) an explosive sound is sudden and loud
— explosively adverb
— explosiveness noun [U]

Front 24

diaper

Back 24

  di‧a‧per
/ˈdaɪəpə $ ˈdaɪpər/noun [C]
(AmE) a piece of soft cloth or soft paper that is put between a baby’s legs and fastened around its waist to hold liquid and solid waste SYN nappy
I changed her diaper.

Front 25

upset

Back 25

  up‧set1
S2 /ˌʌpˈset◂/ adjective
1) [not before noun] unhappy and worried because something unpleasant or disappointing has happened
upset by/about/at etc
She was deeply upset about the way her father treated her.
upset that
Debbie was upset that he didn’t spend more time with her.
2) be upset with somebody if you are upset with someone, you are angry and annoyed with them
You’re not still upset with me, are you?
3) upset stomach an illness that affects the stomach and makes you feel sick

Front 26

intent

Back 26

  in‧tent1
/ɪnˈtent/ adjective
1) be intent on/upon (doing) something to be determined to do something or achieve something
She was intent on pursuing a career in business.
2) giving careful attention to something so that you think about nothing else
his intent gaze
intent on/upon
Intent upon her work, she didn’t notice the cold.
— intently adverb
Jake listened intently.

Front 27

scuba diving

Back 27

  scu‧ba div‧ing
/ˈskuːbə ˌdaɪvɪŋ/ noun [U]
the sport of swimming under water while breathing through a tube that is connected to a container of air on your back
— scuba diver noun [C]

Front 28

exceptional

Back 28

  ex‧cep‧tion‧al
/ɪkˈsepʆnəl/ adjective
1) unusually good SYN outstanding
an exceptional student
exceptional bravery
2) unusual and likely not to happen often
This is an exceptional case; I’ve never seen anything like it before.
Promotion in the first year is only given in exceptional circumstances.

Front 29

snorkel

Back 29

  snor‧kel
/ˈsnɔːkl $ ˈsnɔːr-/noun [C]
a tube that allows someone who is swimming to breathe air under water
This is the best snorkel at that price.

Front 30

parasailing

Back 30

  par‧a‧sail‧ing
/ˈpærəˌseɪlɪŋ/ noun [U]
a sport in which you wear a PARACHUTE and are pulled behind a motor boat so that you fly through the air

Front 31

take part

Back 31

join in an activity; be involved.
"we have come here to take part in a major game"

Front 32

stuff

Back 32

1) things (informal) used when you are talking about things such as substances, materials, or groups of objects when you do not know what they are called, or it is not important to say exactly what they are
I’ve got some sticky stuff on my shoe.
How do you think you’re going to fit all that stuff into the car?
I felt sorry for the ones who had to eat the awful stuff.
Where’s all the camping stuff?

Front 33

destination

Back 33

  des‧ti‧na‧tion
/ˌdestˈneɪʆn/ noun [C]
the place that someone or something is going to
somebody’s destination
Allow plenty of time to get to your destination.
holiday/tourist destination
Maui is a popular tourist destination.

Front 34

last minute

Back 34

  ˌlast-ˈminute
adjective [only before noun]
happening or done as late as possible before something else happens
a few last-minute changes to the script

Front 35

Fountain

Back 35

  foun‧tain
/ˈfaʊntn $ ˈfaʊntn/noun [C]
1) a structure from which water is pushed up into the air, used for example as decoration in a garden or park
2) a flow of liquid, or of something bright and colourful that goes straight up into the air
fountain of
A fountain of blood was pouring from his chest.
A fountain of sparks shot high into the sky.
3) fountain of something (written) a SOURCE or supply of something
He was a fountain of information on Asian affairs.
→ DRINKING FOUNTAIN
→ SODA FOUNTAIN

Front 36

chest

Back 36

  chest
S2 W3 /tʆest/ noun [C]
1) the front part of your body between your neck and your stomach → breast
Her heart was pounding in her chest.
a hairy chest
chest pain/infection/injury
He collapsed with severe chest pains.
→ FLAT-CHESTED
2) a large strong box that you use to store things in or to move your personal possessions from one place to another
a large wooden chest
→ CHEST OF DRAWERS
→ TEA CHEST
→ WAR CHEST
3) get something off your chest to tell someone about something that has been worrying or annoying you for a long time, so that you feel better afterwards

Front 37

Monument

Back 37

  mon‧u‧ment
/ˈmɒnjmənt $ ˈmɑː-/noun [C]
1) a building, STATUE, or other large structure that is built to remind people of an important event or famous person → memorial
He erected a monument on the spot where his daughter was killed.
monument to
a fitting monument to the men who died in the battle
2) a very old building or place that is important historically
Ancient monuments are protected by law.
3) be a monument to somebody/something to show clearly the result of someone’s qualities, beliefs, or actions
The company is a monument to Sir Peter’s energy and vision.
→ NATIONAL MONUMENT

Front 38

royalty

Back 38

  roy‧al‧ty
/ˈrɔɪəlti/ noun (plural royalties)
1) [U] members of a royal family
At school the other children treated them like royalty.
2) [C usually plural] a payment made to the writer of a book or piece of music depending on how many books etc are sold, or to someone whose idea, invention etc is used by someone else to make money
the royalties from his latest book
royalty payments

Front 39

statue

Back 39

  stat‧ue
/ˈstætʆuː/ noun [C]
an image of a person or animal that is made in solid material such as stone or metal and is usually large → sculpture
Churchill’s statue stands outside the parliament building.
A bronze statue was erected in his honour.
statue of
Statues of Lenin were torn down all across Eastern Europe.

Front 40

erect

Back 40

  e‧rect1
/ɪˈrekt/ adjective
1) in a straight upright position
Martin stood erect on the platform.
2) an erect PENIS or NIPPLE is stiff and bigger than it usually is because a person is sexually excited

Front 41

stain

Back 41

  stain2
noun
1) [C] a mark that is difficult to remove, especially one made by a liquid such as blood, coffee, or ink
stain on
There was a dark red stain on the carpet.
remove/get rid of a stain
White vinegar is great for removing stains.
wine/coffee/blood etc stain
How do you get wine stains out of a tablecloth?
stubborn stains
(=ones that are very difficult to remove)
2) [C,U] a special liquid that you use to change the colour of something, especially wood → dye
3) stain on somebody’s character/name/reputation etc something that damages the good opinion that people have about someone

Front 42

luggage

Back 42

  lug‧gage
/ˈlʌgɪdʒ/ noun [U]
the cases, bags etc that you carry when you are travelling SYN baggage
They searched his luggage for illegal drugs.
→ HAND LUGGAGE

Grammar
Luggage is an uncountable noun and has no plural form. Use a singular verb after it. You can refer to one or more pieces/items of luggage
All my luggage was ready.

Front 43

suitcase

Back 43

  suit‧case
/ˈsuːtkeɪs, ˈsjuːt- $ ˈsuːt-/noun [C]
a large case with a handle, used for carrying clothes and possessions when you travel

Front 44

prohibit

Back 44

  pro‧hib‧it
AC /prəˈhɪbt $ proʊ-/verb [T]
1) [usually passive] to say that an action is illegal or not allowed SYN ban forbid
Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the factory.
prohibit somebody from doing something
They are prohibited from revealing details about the candidates.
2) (formal) to make something impossible or prevent it from happening

Front 45

detector

Back 45

  de‧tec‧tor
AC /dɪˈtektə $ -ər/noun [C]
a machine or piece of equipment that finds or measures something
a smoke detector
a metal detector
→ LIE DETECTOR

Front 46

eager

Back 46

  ea‧ger
/ˈiːgə $ -ər/adjective
1) very keen and excited about something that is going to happen or about something you want to do
eager to do something
I was eager to get back to work as soon as possible.
He’s a bright kid and eager to learn.
She’s a very hard worker and very eager to please.
A crowd of eager young students were already waiting outside.
eager for
fans eager for a glimpse of the singer
2) eager beaver (informal) someone who is too keen and works harder than they should
— eagerly adverb
They’re eagerly awaiting the big day.
— eagerness noun [U]
People were pushing each other out of the way in their eagerness to get to the front.

Front 47

charm

Back 47

  charm1
/tʆɑːm $ tʆɑːrm/noun
1) [C,U] a special quality someone or something has that makes people like them, feel attracted to them, or be easily influenced by them – used to show approval → charming
Joe’s boyish charm
charm of
the charm of this small Southern city
She turned on the charm (=used her charm) to all the men.
The room had no windows and all the charm of a prison cell (=used to say that something has no charm) .
2) [C] a very small object worn on a chain or BRACELET
a charm bracelet
a small gold horseshoe worn as a lucky charm
3) [C] a phrase or action believed to have special magic powers SYN spell
4) work like a charm to work exactly as you had hoped
The new sales program has worked like a charm.

Front 48

relieve

Back 48

re‧lieveS3 /rɪˈliːv/ verb [T]1) pain to reduce someone’s pain or unpleasant feelings → reliefDrugs helped to relieve the pain.relieve tension/pressure/stress etcSome people eat for comfort, to relieve their anxieties.2) problem to make a problem less difficult or seriousprograms aimed at relieving unemployment3) replace somebody to replace someone when they have completed their duty or when they need a restThe guard will be relieved at midnight.4) relieve yourself a polite expression meaning to URINATE – often used humorously5) boring to make something less dull and boringa plain wall relieved by flecks of blue and yellowrelieve the boredom/monotonyThe books helped relieve the boredom of waiting.6) war (formal) to free a town which an enemy has surroundedrelieve somebody of somethingphrasal verb1) (formal) to help someone by taking something from them, especially a job they do not want to do or something heavy that they are carryingA secretary was hired to relieve her of some of the administrative work.He rose and relieved her of her bags.2) relieve somebody of their post/duties/command etc (formal) to take away someone’s job because they have done something wrongAfter the defeat General Meyer was relieved of his command.3) to steal something from someone – used humorouslyA couple of guys relieved him of his wallet.

Front 49

plenty

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plen‧ty1S1 W1 /ˈplenti/ pronouna large quantity that is enough or more than enoughplenty ofMake sure she gets plenty of fresh air.No need to hurry – you’ve got plenty of time.There’s plenty to do and see in New York.There are plenty more chairs in the next room.GrammarPlenty of can be used before an uncountable noun or a plural noun. Do not say 'a plenty of'There is plenty of evidence of poverty (NOT a plenty of evidence).You will have plenty of opportunities to improve your skills. Do not say 'there is plenty of things/places etc'. Say there are plenty of things/places etcThere are plenty of restaurants nearby. Do not say that a place or thing 'is plenty of something'. Say that it is full of somethingThe garden is full of interesting shrubs and trees.RegisterIn written English, people sometimes prefer to use ample rather than plenty of, as it sounds more formal:They were given ample time to complete the work.

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tamper

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tam‧per/ˈtæmpə $ -ər/verb tamper with something phrasal verb to touch something or make changes to it without permission, especially in order to deliberately damage itHe noticed that the instruments had been tampered with.I don’t see the point in tampering with a system that’s worked fine so far.

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vest

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vest1/vest/ noun [C]1) (BrE) a piece of underwear without SLEEVE that you wear on the top half of your body SYN undershirt2) a piece of special clothing without SLEEVE that you wear over your clothes to protect your bodya bulletproof vest3) (AmE) a piece of clothing without SLEEVE and with buttons down the front that you wear as part of a suit SYN waistcoat4) a SWEATER without SLEEVE

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prohibit

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pro‧hib‧itAC /prəˈhɪbt $ proʊ-/verb [T]1) [usually passive] to say that an action is illegal or not allowed SYN ban forbidSmoking is strictly prohibited inside the factory.prohibit somebody from doing somethingThey are prohibited from revealing details about the candidates.2) (formal) to make something impossible or prevent it from happening