2-1-3

Front 1

Two parts of the pericardium

Back 1

1. Fibrous Layer - tough/inelastic
2. Serous Layer- thin membrane that secretes a serous fluid

Front 2

The outer part of the serous membrane lines the ______

Back 2

inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

Front 3

The ______ pericardium is also known as the epicardium and is the ______ layer of the heart wall

Back 3

-visceral layer of the serous pericardium
- outer-most

Front 4

Space b/w the visceral and parietal layers

Back 4

Pericardial cavity

Front 5

Two parts of the pericardial cavity

Back 5

1. oblique pericardial sinus
2. Transverse pericardial sinus

Front 6

The _____ pericardial sinus is in the shape of an inverted U and is behind the ________ and bounded on the right side by ______ and the left side by _______.

Back 6

oblique

left atrium
right pulm. vessels and IVC
left pulm. vessels

Front 7

The transverse pericardial cavity connects _______ and lies posterior to the ________ and ______ and anterior to the ________.

Back 7

-the two sides of the pericardial cavity
-pulm. trunk and
-aorta
-SVC

Front 8

Surgeons use the ______ sinus to put a ligature around the pulm. trunk and ascending aorta

Back 8

transverse

Front 9

_____ is a condition in which the serous pericardium becomes inflamed which may cause excess fluid to be secreted in the peroneal cavity. This will cause compression of the heart known as _________.

Back 9

-Pericarditis
- Cardiac Tamponade

Front 10

The Pericardium lies behind the _____, extends superiorly up to the level of the _______, and inferiorly to the _________

Back 10

- sternum
- sternal angle
- xiphisternal jt.

Front 11

_____ of the heart lies to the right of the midline and ______ lies to the left.

Back 11

1/3

2/3

Front 12

The ____ pericardium is fused to the _________ of the diaphragm which means the shape and position of heart change with each breath.

Back 12

-fibrous
-central tendon

Front 13

Pericardiocentesis can be done at the LEFT ______ or ______ intercostal space

Back 13

5th
6th

Front 14

Two imp. grooves on surface of the heart

Back 14

1. Coronary (atrioventricular)

2. Interventricular

Front 15

Coronoary grooves runs around the heart and the ______ _______ run through it

Back 15

coronary vessels

Front 16

The Interventric. grooves has two parts:
1. The ANTERIOR part separates the ____ and _____ _______ and continues to the _____ surface of heart. The POSTERIOR part separates the _________ and indicates the side of the _______ internally.

Back 16

- left and rt. ventricles
- diaphragmatic

- two ventricles
- interventricular septum

Front 17

Surface of the heart that faces the ribs is ____ and is composed mainly of _____ _____ and both _____

Back 17

Sternocostal surface
- rt ventricle
- atria

Front 18

Three surfaces of heart:

Back 18

1. SternalCostal
2. Left or Pulmonary
3. Diaphragmatic Surface

Front 19

________ surface is formed primarily by the left ventricle.

Back 19

Left or Pulmonary

Front 20

The diaphragmatic surface rests on the _____ and is formed by the ___ and ____ ______.

Back 20

- diaphragm
- Left and Rt. Ventricles

Front 21

The _____ of the heart is formed by the left atrium and is the posterior aspect of the heart.

Back 21

APEX

Front 22

5 borders of the heart and what they're formed by:

Back 22

1. Rt. border - formed by rt. atrium
2. Inf. border - formed by rt. ventricle
3. Left border - formed by lt. ventricle
4. Sup. Border- Line that comes across the upper margins of the auricles.

Front 23

Sup vena cava carries blood from the ___, ____, and ____ as well as the ____ _____

Back 23

head, neck, and upper limb

thoracic wall

Front 24

________ carries venous blood from the heart and empties in to the ____ ____.

Back 24

Coronary sinus

Rt. Atrium

Front 25

Ridge that separates the smooth and rough wall in rt. atrium

Back 25

Crista Terminalis

Front 26

ROUGH walls of atria are characterized by what muscles? The SMOOTH wall of Rt. Atrium receives the _____, _____, and _____

Back 26

Pectinate muscles
- SVC
- IVC
- Coronary Sinus

Front 27

_______ valve sperates the rt. atrium and rt. ventricle

Back 27

Tricuspid

Front 28

1. Smooth wall part of rt. Ventricle that leads up to the pulmonary trunk

2. Rough Wall part of rt. Ventricle

Back 28

1. conus arteriosus (infindibulum)

2. Trabeculae Carnea

Front 29

Pulm. trunk is guarded by a ____ cusp valve called the _____ valve

Back 29

- 3
- pulmonary valve

Front 30

There are ____ papillary muscles in the rt. ventricle that attach to their cusps via the _____ ______.

Back 30

3

chordae tendonae

Front 31

_____ contract during systole and the ______ and ____ valves must be close during systole to prevent backflow.

Back 31

1. Ventricles
2. Bicuspid and Tricuspid

Front 32

Papillary muscles contract during _____.

Back 32

systole

Front 33

________ ________ is a band of tissue found only in the RIGHT ventricle and is also known as the _____ _____.

Back 33

Septomarginal Trabeculae

Moderator Band

Front 34

The septomarginal trabeculae extends from the lower part of the _____ _____ to the base of the _________.

Back 34

- IV septum
- ant. papillary muscle.

Front 35

Significance of septomarginal trabeculae:

Back 35

Part of the Special Conducting system of the heart

Front 36

Blood flows into rt atrium through the _____ valve and our through the _____ _______ (not a valve)

Back 36

- tricuspid

- conus arteriosum

Front 37

The ____ ventricle is 2 to 3 X thicker than the ____ ventricle

Back 37

left

right

Front 38

Smooth walled part of the lt. atrium receives the ______

Back 38

4 pulmonary veins

Front 39

The _____ of the lt. atrium is rough walled with ______ muscles

Back 39

auricle

pectinate

Front 40

The membranous (thin-walled) part of the IV septum is ______ to the ____ cusp of the ______ ______.

Back 40

inferior
right
aortic valve

Front 41

Smooth walled track of blood outflow in the left ventricle is the _______

Back 41

aortic vestibule

Front 42

____ is when ventricles fill with blood

_____ is when ventricles contract and expel blood

Back 42

diastole


systole

Front 43

Systole:
____ and ____ valves are closed

_____ and ____ valves are open

Back 43

Tri and Bicusp.

Pulmonary and Aortic

Front 44

The center of each cusp in the aortic and pulonary valves

Back 44

nodule

Front 45

Thin margin on either side of the nodule in the aortic and pulonary valves:

Back 45

lunule

Front 46

Space b/w cusp and valve in the and the wall of a vesel

Back 46

sinus

Front 47

During diastole, backflow of blood ejected from heart collects in the _____ and pushes the _____ together, sealing the valve

Back 47

sinuses
cusps

Front 48

In aorta, blood from the ____ and ____ sinuses will pass into the _____ arteries

Back 48

left and right
coronary

Front 49

Best places to auscultate:
Aortic Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Tricuspd Valve
Mitral Valve

Back 49

AV - 2nd intercostal space just right of sternal border
PV - 2nd intercostal space just left of sternal border
TCV - 5th intercostal space near left sternal border
MV - near apex of heart at 5th intercostal space just medial to midclavic line

Front 50

Valves can become inflamed in _______ fever allowing reflux of blood to one chamber creating a _____

Back 50

rheumatic

murmur

Front 51

Most frequently diseased valve:

Back 51

Mitral

Front 52

Rt and Left coronary arteries are the ______ branch off the _______ artery.

Back 52

first
Ascending Aorta

Front 53

The Left coronary a. is ____. When it reaches the ____ groove it splits into the _____ a. and the ____ a.

Back 53

short
AV
Anterior interventricular(LAD)
Circumflex

Front 54

LAD supplies ____ of the IV septum through ____ branches and supplies the __________.

Back 54

- 2/3
- septal
- rt. and lt. bundle branches of the conducting system

Front 55

What happens if blood supply is compromised to conducting system?

Back 55

Arrythmyia

Front 56

Bundle branches of conducting system descend on either side of the _____.

Back 56

IV septum

Front 57

The Circumflex a. passes around the ____ margin of the heart in the ____ groove to supply the ___ and ____ ____.

Back 57

Left
AV
left ventricle and left atrium

Front 58

The Right Coronary a. runs in the ____ groove.

Back 58

Coronary

Front 59

The ______ a. branches of the the right coronary a. to supply the ____ and divides into the _____ a. which supplies the ____.

Back 59

-Anterior right atrial
-Rt. Atrium
-SA Nodal a.
- SA node

Front 60

Four branches of the rt. coronary artery:

Back 60

1. Ant. Right Atrial
2. Rt. Marginal
3. Post. IV a.
4. AV Nodal a.

Front 61

The _____ a branches of the rt. coronary a. and passes along inf. margin of heart

Back 61

rt. marginal a.

Front 62

_______ a. branches off the rt. coronary a. just before it terminates and supplies _______.

Back 62

Post. IV a.
1/3 of IV septum

Front 63

The ____ a. is the last br. of the rt. coronary a. and supplies the _______

Back 63

1. AV Nodal a.
2. AV node

Front 64

Three sites of anastomosis b/w Right and left coronary arteries:

Back 64

1. Rt. coronary a. w/ circumflex br.
2. Post. IV br. w/ Ant. IV br.
3. B/w Septal branches of post and ant. IV aa's.

Front 65

6 sites of coronary a. occlusion in order of prevalence:

Back 65

1. Prox. point of LAD
2. Rt. Coronary a.
3. Prox. Circumflex br.
4. Lt. Coronary a.
5. Post. IV br.
6. Distal rt. coronary a.

Front 66

Vein often used for coronary artery bypass and vein second most utilized

Back 66

1. Great Saphenous

2. Left internal thoracic

Front 67

_____ vein runs with the LAD a.

_____ vein runs with the post. interventricular a.

Back 67

Great cardiac

Middle cardiac

Front 68

Most veins of heart empty into the ____ ____ except the _____ veins which _____.

Back 68

coronary sinus
ant. cardiac veins
empty directly into the rt. atrium from the rt. ventricle.

Front 69

Conducting system of heart utilizes what fibers?

Back 69

Modified cardiac muscle fibers that conduct impulse.

Front 70

The ____ node is located at the upper edge of the cristae terminalis and is known as the _____.

Back 70

SA

pacemaker

Front 71

The SA node _________

Back 71

initates impulse for contraction ehich spread throughout left and rt. atriomusculature

Front 72

AV node location:

Back 72

clump of cells located in the lower part of the intra-atrial septum close to the opening of the coronary sinus

Front 73

After travelling through AV node, impulses propagate through the ______

Back 73

AV bundle

Front 74

The Av bundle travels along the edge of the _______ portion of the _______.

Back 74

membranous
IV septum

Front 75

One of most common congenital defects of the heart:

Back 75

Patent Interventricular septum

Front 76

When the AV bundle reaches the ________ portion of the ______ it ________.

Back 76

thick-walled
IV septum
splits into rt and lt. bundle branches

Front 77

The _______ bundle branch passes in the _______ band to the ANT PAPILLARY muscle while other bundle branches will _____.

Back 77

right
moderator
ramify throughout the myocardium and ventricles

Front 78

The conducting system of the heart is under the influence of the _________ nervous system.

Back 78

AUTONOMIC

Front 79

The ________ supplies nerves to the heart and has two parts:

Back 79

cardiac plexus
1. Superficial Card. Plex.
2. Deep Card. Plex.

Front 80

Cardiac Plexus consists of what types of fibers?

Back 80

1. Symp
2. Parasymp
3. GVA's

Front 81

Location of superificial cardiac plexus?

Back 81

-Concavity of aortic arch close to ligamentum arteriosum
-ant. to aortic arch

Front 82

Deep part of cardiac plexus is located posterior to the _______ and anterior to _______

Back 82

aortic arch

tracheal bifurcation