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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define syntitium |
the synchronous contraction of the cardiomyocytes |
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describe the general pathway of blood through the circulatory system |
LV, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava, RA |
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what maintains the circulation |
heart beat, elastic fibers in arteries and smooth muscle in arterioles, striated muscle/valves in veins |
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what is the microcirculatory or microvascular bed |
arterioles to capillaries to venules |
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define modified circulation
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arterioles capillaries venules veins venules capillaries venules veins
like in hepatic portal (liver) and hypothalamo-hypophysial portal (hypothalamus and pituitary) |
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what are the differences in tissue layers between vascular and cardiac tissue |
Vessels: tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia Heart: endocardium, myocardium (99%), epicardium (visceral pericardium) |
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what is the difference between cardiac cells and other muscle fibers |
heart has cells (cardiomyocyte) with singular nuclei, muscles have fibers with hundreds of nuclei |
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define intercalated disc |
tight connection between cardiac cells (interdigitating), distinctly identifiable in cardiac tissue (desmosomes, gap junctions etc) |
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define purkinje fibers |
modified cardiomyocytes for conduction of electrical signals (grey because of high glycogen concentration) NB: endocardium, myocardium, intercalated discs |
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label this cardiac tissue image |
endocardium, subendocardium with purkinje fibers, myocardium (see single nuclei in cardiomyocytes) |
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describe this tissue |
dense collagenous tissue, little/no myocardium mitral valve |
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what are the prominent tissue layers in arteries and veins |
artery: tunica muscularis (elastic in large arteries, smooth muscle in arterioles) vein: tunica adventitia (externa) |
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what are the structures inside the tunica adventitia of the vessels |
blood vessels supplying nutrients to the large blood vessels (vasa vasolum) as well as sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers |
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what are these two structures and their tissue layers |
tunica externa (adventitia), tunica media, tunica intima aorta is left (massive tunica media) vena cava is right (larger tunica adventitia) |
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what are these cells and what is their function |
glomus body, act as chemo receptors in the blood vessels surrounded by nerve endings, report to the brain the pH levels (O2 etc) |
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define varicose vein |
valves in vein are not functioning properly, blood pools backwards |
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describe these tissues |
arteries and veins note differences in layer thickness valves on the right |
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describe the structures in this image |
arterioles and venules notice the smaller diameters, thinner cell layers of muscle and adventitia nerve bundle on the right |
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describe these structures and their function |
lypmhatic vessels take substances that cannot pass the capillary membrane out and return them to the venous system |
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define metarteriole |
split from arteriole, smooth muscle dissipates as arteriole transitions into thoroughfare channel and eventually venule |
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describe the basic structure and function of a capillary |
single layer of epithelial cells surrounded by basal membrane and occasionally pericytes selectively permeable, exchange gases, metabolites etc. |
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what are the 3 types of capillaries |
continuous: lack fenestration, few pinocytes fenestrated: large number of pinocytes sinusoidal: no pinocytes, gap junctions |
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what type of capillary is this |
continuous capillary note cell junctures and pericytes |
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what type of capillary is this |
fenestrated capillary (see holes) characteristic locations: pancreas, endocrine glands, glomeruli of kidney |
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what are the functions of endothelial cells |
1. maintenance of selective permeability: simple diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, endocytosis 2. mainenance of non-trombogenic barrier: secrete anticoagulants, anti-trombogenic and pro-trombogenic factors 3. modulation of blood flow: secrete anticoagulants, vasodilators and vasoconstrictors 4. regulation of cell growth: secrete growth stimulating and inhibiting factors 5. maintenance of extracellular matrix: synthesis of lamina basalis 6. regulation of immune response: regulate adhesion molecules and immune respone |
