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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The one class of large biological molecule that do not form polymers |
Lipids |
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Unufying feature of lipids |
Little or no affinity to water |
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Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which form __________ covalent bonds |
Nonpolar |
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Most biologically important lipids |
Fats, phospholipids, steroids |
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Have some O atoms but the bulk is composed of abundant C-H bonds |
Lipids |
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Lipids provide __ food calories or __ kJ of energy per gram |
9, 37 |
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Cushioning the vital organs |
Lipids |
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For insulation |
Lipids |
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Vital in plasma membrane structure |
Lipids |
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Serve as precursors for important reproductive hormones |
Lipids |
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3 main classes of lipids acccdg to structure and function |
-fats -phospholipids -steroids and sterols |
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Fats are constructed from 2 types of small molecules |
-glycerol -fatty acids |
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A 3-C alcohol with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to each carbon |
Glycerol |
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Consist of a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to a long carbon skeleton |
Fatty Acid |
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Bond of glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
Ester linkages |
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Glycerol + 3 fatty acids |
Triacylglycerol or triglyceride |
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A soap molecule has a _____________ head and a _______________ tail |
Polar hydrophilic, Nonpolar hydrophobic |
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Soap Ingredients |
-Oil or Fats -Lye (NaOH or Sodium Hydroxide) -Water -Essential and Fragrance Oils -Soap Colorants -Other additives |
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Soap ingredient that converts the oil or fat to soap |
Lye |
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Fatty acids accdg to length and number and location of double bonds |
-saturated -unsaturated |
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Have the maximum number of H atoms possible and no double bonds |
Saturated fatty acids |
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Have one or more double bonds |
Unsaturated Fatty Acids |
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Type of fatty acid: Stearic acid- Oleic acid- |
-saturated -unsaturated |
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Cis double bond causes |
Bending |
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Glycerol + 1 fatty acid |
Palmitic acid |
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The so-called good fats. Its molecular formula causes it to be lower in calories than other fats |
Unsaturated Fats |
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These fats are found mostly in animal products. |
Saturated fats |
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Unsaturated fats which have been partially saturated with hydrogen to extend their shelf life |
Trans fat |
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Saturated fats are ________ at room temperature |
Solid |
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Most animal fats are __________ |
Saturated |
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Unsaturated fats or oils are ___________ at room temperature |
Liquid |
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Plant fats and fish fats are usually ___________ |
Unsaturated |
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Essential fatty acids required for normal growth, and thought to provide protection against cardiovascular disease |
Omega-3 fatty acids |
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The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen |
Hydrogenation |
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Pick up excess cholesterol and transport it back to the body's liver for processing |
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) |
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Transport cholesterol throughout the body |
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) |
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Created by adding H to liquid vegetable oil |
Trans fats |
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Trans fats are also known as |
Partially hydrogenated oil |
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Two fatty acids and a phosphate group are attached to glycerol |
Phospolipid |
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In a phospholipid, Fatty acid tails- Phosphate group heads- |
-hydrophobic -hydrophilic |
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Major component of all cell membranes |
Phospholipids |
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Lipids characterized by a C skeleton consisting of four fused rings |
Steroids |
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An important steroid and a component in animal cell membranes |
Cholesterol |
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A condition in which fatty deposits develop within the walls of blood vessels, increasing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases |
Atherosclerosis |
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Regulate fluidity of cell membranes |
Steroids and sterols |
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Base of sex hormones |
Steroids and sterols |
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Function: Emulsification of fats during digestion |
Steroids and sterols |
