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39 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Agribusiness

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations

Chaff

Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing

Combine

A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field

Crop rotation

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

Cultivation regions

an area suited by climate and soil conditions to the cultivation of a certain type of crop or plant group.

Dairying

the business of producing, storing, and distributing milk and its products

Double cropping

Harvesting twice a year from the same field

Extensive subsistence agriculture

refers to an agricultural technique where a vast expanse of land is cultivated to yield minimal output of crops and animals for the primary consumption of the grower's family.


Shifting cultivation

a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

Slash-and-burn

another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.

Swidden

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning

Nomadic herding/pastorialism

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

Extractive industry

Any processes that involve the extraction of raw materials from the earth to be used by consumers.

Forestry

the science or practice of planting, managing, and caring for forests.

Horticulture

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

Hull

The outer covering of a seed

Intensive subsistence agriculture

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

Intertillage

In agriculture, tillage or cultivation between plants (as corn and potatoes), in contrast to tillage of the entire surface when no growing crop is on it.

Livestock ranching

Ranching is the practice of raising herds of animals on large tracts of land.

Market gardening

A market garden is the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants.

Mediterranean agriculture

Farmers derive a smaller percentage of income from animal products than in the mixed crop and livestock region.

Milkshed

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

Mineral fuels

A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes

Mining

the process or industry of obtaining coal or other minerals from a mine

Paddy

The Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah

Pastoral nomadism

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

Pasture

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing

Plantation agriculture

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale

Reaper

A machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field

Renewalble/nonrenewable

Renewable (of a natural resource or source of energy) not depleted when used. A nonrenewable resource is a resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption.

Staple grains

A staple food, food staple, or simply a staple, is a food that is eaten routinely and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet for a given people, supplying a large fraction of energy needs and generally forming a significant proportion of the intake of other nutrients as well.

Transhumecence

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

Truck farm

Commerical gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a middle English word meaning bartering or exchange of commodities

Sawah

A flooded field for growing rice

Spring wheat

Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer

Thresh

To beat out grain from stalks

Wet rice

Rice planted on dry land in the nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

Winnow

To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind

Winter wheat

Wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer