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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell division
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a process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
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asexual reproduction
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a process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
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sexual reproduction
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a process by which two cells from different parents fuse, or join together, to produce the fist cell of a new organism.
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chromosome
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threadlike structure that contains the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
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chromatin
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a substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
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cell cycle
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a series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides
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binary fission
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a form of asexual reproduction in which a single-celled organisms produces two genetically identical organisms. It is a form of cell division.
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G1 Phase
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First phase of interphase. A cell does most of its growing during the G1 phase. It increases in size and produces new proteins and organelles.
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S Phase
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Second phase of interphaseThe S stands for "synthesis" During the S phase, new DNA is synthesized when chromosomes are replicated
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G2 Phase
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When DNA replication is complete, a cell enters the G2 phase. During this phase, many of the organelles and molecules needed for cell division are produced. At the end of the G2 phase, a cell is ready to begin the process of cell division.
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M Phase
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The M in M phase stands for mitosis. Mitosis is the first stage of the M phase, a series of events that lead to the division of the cell nucleus. Cytokinesis is the second stage. It ends with the division of the cytoplasm. At the end of the M phase, two new daughter cells begin the cycle again
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Prophase
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This is the first phase of mitosis The replicated chromosomes become visible as DNA starts to condense. Each strand of DNA in a doubled chromosome is called a chromatid. The sister chromatids are joined at an area called the centromere. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and a spindle begins to form. A pair of structures called centrioles help to organize the spindle fibers.
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Chromatid
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one of two identical 'sister' parts of a replicated chromosome
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Centromere
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an area where two sister chromatids are attached.
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Metaphase
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The second phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell. Spindle fibers connect the centromere of each chromosome to the spindle.
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Anaphase
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the third phase of mitosis. The centromeres split, and the sister chromatids separate. A complete set of chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell.
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Telophase
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the fourth and final phase of mitosis. The chromosomes spread out into a tangle of chromatinA nuclear envelope reforms around each group of chromosomes. The spindle begins to break apart. Mitosis is complete, but cell division still has one more step to go.
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Cytokinesis
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In animal cells, the cell membrane is pulled toward the center of the cell. Eventually, the cytoplasm is divided into two nearly equal parts. Each part contains its own nucleus and organelles.
In plant cells, the cell membrane is attached to a stiff cell wall. It is not flexible enough to pinch in. Instead a cell plate forms between the two nuclei. The cell plate develops into cell membranes that separate the two daughter cells. Next, a cell wall forms between the two new membranes. Each part contains its own nucleus and organelles. |
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interphase
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a long period of the cell cycle between one cell division and the next
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