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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
T/F Liebig's law of the minimum states that plant growth can be no greater than that level allowed by the growth factor present in the highest amount
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False
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T/F Cold temperatures reduce plant nutrient uptake because of reduced water uptake by plant
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true
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T/F The element potassium helps plants adapt to environmental stresses
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true
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T/F Mineralization is the conversion of NH4+ ions to organic forms in microbial and plant cells
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False
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Which of these is not a 2:1 clay?
-Kaolinite -Montmorrillonite -Vermiculite -Illite |
Kaolinite
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What is not a way of measuring the salts in a soil?
-ESP -SAR -GSD -EC |
GSD
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What is not a method for salt remediation?
-adding gypsum -varying management practices -irrigating with clean water -using fertilizers such as CAN |
using fertilizers such as CAN
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Which colloid has the highest CEC?
-sesquioxide -Vermiculite -Montmorillonite -Humus -Hydrous Oxide |
Humus
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An autotroph is:
-An organism that gets energy from the sun -An organism that gets energy from decomposition -A microbe that feeds on roots -A nematode that eats protozoa |
An organism that gets energy from the sun
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Fungi are predominantly found in:
-grasslands -forests -Rangeland -Steppe systems |
Forests
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What does an earthworm not do for the soil?
-add topsoil -Enhance plant yield -Decompose surface litter -Excrete ethylene |
Excrete ethylene
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Which is not true about the Rhizosphere?
-Exude organic matter -Site of concentrated microflora -Only area in which roots can grow -Area of influence from the roots to the soil |
-Only area in which roots can grow
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Which is a factor not effecting soil microorganisms?
-Temperature -Moisture -A person standing on a soil -Oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane gas ratios |
-a person standing on a soil
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Which is a mycorrhizae fungi?
-Borathean -Heliuumth -Ectomycorrhiza -Rhizobium |
-Ectomycorhiza
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Soil factor that does not reduce plant nutrient uptake.
-Compaction -tillage -Moisture -Temperature |
-Tillage
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The principle climatic factors influencing soil formation are _________ and _________.
-Air currents, hours of sunlight -Burrowers, insects -Temperature, precipitation -Organic matter, foliage |
-Temperature, precipitation
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Soils become acid because ___________ is continuously being formed in the soil.
-Methane -Carbonic acid -Root hairs -Sulfate |
-Carbonic acid
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When soil temperature increases, the rate of biochemical reactions in the soil.
-Is not influenced -Decreases -Increases |
-Increases
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The process by which earthworms, ants move soil up and down in the soil profile is called.
-Cryoturbation -Pedoturbation -Geochemical weathering -transformation -None of the above |
Pedoturbation
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Hydrogen bonding that links water molecules to surfaces of soil particles is called.
-Coehesion -Polarity -Cation exchange capacity -Adhesion |
Adhesion
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T/F Fine-textured soils have lower total pore space than coarse-textured soils.
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False
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T/F The more water in the soil, the lower potential energy it has, and the greater is its ability to move.
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False
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Which is not typical of a phosphorus deficiency?
-Stunted growth -Weak stems -Bluish green coloring -Sparse flowering |
-Weak stems
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Which of these processes does not come from or go into a nitrogen gas form?
-Denitrification -N-Fixation -Nitrification -Volatilization |
-Nitrification
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What is not a form of readily available potassium?
-K+ in between 2:1 sheets -K+ ions in water -K+ on CEC sites |
-K+ in between 2:1 sheets
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T/F Liebig’s law of the minimum states that plant growth can be no greater than that level allowed by the growth factor present in the highest amount
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False
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T/F Cold temperatures reduce plant nutrient uptake because of reduced water uptake by plant
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True
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T/F The element potassium helps plants adapt to environmental stresses
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True
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T/F Mineralization is the conversion of NH4+ ions to organic forms in microbial and plant cells
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False
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Sulfate is leached from the soil unless there is _______ exchange capacity
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anion
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The conversion of NO3- ions to gaseous forms of N by facultative anaerobic bacteria is called __________
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Denitrification
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Excess nutrient levels in lakes and slow moving streams may result in _________
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Eutrophication
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The element _________ is found in ATP, DNA, RNA, and cellular membranes of plants
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Phosphorus
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The plants nutrient ________ comes from weathering of carbonate minerals and liming materials
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Calcium
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________ is the most commonly deficient micronutrient, is more available under acid conditions, and is absorbed by humus
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boron
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H ions that cuase soil acidity come from
-Carbonic acid formed in soil and in rain -Organic acids from microbial breakdown of OM -Oxidation of ammonium (nitrification) -All of the above |
-all of the above
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T/F Al toxicity is the most common and severe problem for plants and microoorganisms in soil with pH 5 and below
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true
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T/F Plant nutrients are most available between pH 6.5 and 7.5
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-false
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Two anions added in liming materials to consume H ions are _______ and ______.
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CO3- and OH-, SiO3(2-)
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T/F Soils with a higher buffer capacity require more lime to change the pH
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True
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T/F Under natural conditions, when the precipitation-to-ET ration is 2.75 or more, salts will accumulate in the soil
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False
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T/F In saline soils, plant growth restrained by problems with water uptake
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True
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T/F in sodic soils, the dominant cation is Ca
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False
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T/F In order to reclaim salt-affected soil it is critical to establish internal drainage if possible
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true
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Mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants include
-Exclusion of salt ions from uptake by plant root cells (wheat, barley, rye) -Excretion of absorbed salts from plant by means of salt glands -Isolation of salts in cell vacules -All of the above |
all of the above
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