🩺🥼⚕️🩺🥼⚕️ Social Science Part 3

Front 1

rejected the deterministic nature of psychoanalysis and behaviorism and maintained that we behave as we do because of the way we perceive our situation. the highest level of human-beingness we can.

Back 1

Roger’s Self Theory:

Front 2

Believed that humans have one basic motive, that is the tendency to self-actualize- to fulfill one’s potential and achieve the highest level of human-beingness we can.

Back 2

Roger’s Self Theory:

Front 3

the obstruction of or interference with new learning because of previous learning.

Back 3

Negative transfer

Front 4

phenomenon of learning and memory which was first seen in classical conditioning and refers to a re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay.

Back 4

Spontaneous recovery

Front 5

conditioning in which an operant response is brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response.

Back 5

Operant conditioning:

Front 6

transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus

Back 6

Stimulus generalization:

Front 7

an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something

Back 7

Phobias:

Front 8

learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone

Back 8

Classical conditioning

Front 9

process of reducing sensitivity

Back 9

Desensitization:

Front 10

for of learning where individuals ascertain how to act or perform by observing another individual

Back 10

Modeling:

Front 11

sociopsychological phenomemnon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present (e.g. being in a public place).

Back 11

Diffusion of responsibility:

Front 12

Demand characteristics, hawthorne effect and halo effect.

Back 12

Problem with experimental research in psychology:

Front 13

experimental artifact where participants form an interpretation of the experiment’s purpose and unconsciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation.

Back 13

Demand characteristics:

Front 14

the alternation of behavior by the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed

Back 14

Hawthorne effect:

Front 15

tendency for an impression created in one area to influence opinion in another area

Back 15

Halo effect

Front 16

experimental technique for assigning subjects to different treatments.

Back 16

Random assignment

Front 17

mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that comes to mind.

Back 17

Heuristic availability

Front 18

psychotherapeutic approach that focuses on insight into gestalts in patients and their relations to the world, and often uses role playing to aid the resolution of past conflicts.

Back 18

Gestalt therapy

Front 19

approach to psychotherapy and counseling

Back 19

Reality therapy

Front 20

Focuses on realism, responsibility and right-and-wrong, rather than symptoms of mental disorders.

Back 20

Reality therapy

Front 21

system of psychological theory and therapy which aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.

Back 21

Psychoanalysis

Front 22

the treatment of neurotic symptoms by training the patient’s reactions to stimul

Back 22

Behavior therapy:

Front 23

developed by Carl Rogers in which the client determines the focus and pace of each session.

Back 23

Client-centered therapy:

Front 24

comprehensive, active-directive, philosophically and empirically based psychotherapy which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems and disturbances and enabling people to lead happier and fulfilling lives.

Back 24

Rational emotive therapy:

Front 25

to set in opposition in order to show or emphasize differences.

Back 25

Contrast

Front 26

decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations

Back 26

Habituation

Front 27

: act or process or an instance of repeating or being repeated

Back 27

Repetition

Front 28

Act or process or an instance of repeating or being repeated

Back 28

Repetition

Front 29

defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously rejects his or her own unacceptable attributes by ascribing them to objects or persons in the outside world

Back 29

Projection

Front 30

“conscious” exclusion of painful memories, thoughts etc.

Back 30

Suppression

Front 31

: father of psychoanalysis

Back 31

Sigmund Freud

Front 32

theory of human motivation

Back 32

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs:

Front 33

Bottom of triangle is the more basic needs.

Back 33

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs:

Front 34

breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis and excretion.

Back 34

a. At the bottom of the triangle is physiological-

Front 35

- security of body, employment, resources, morality, family, health and property.

Back 35

b. Safety

Front 36

- friendship, family, sexual intimacy

Back 36

c. Love/belonging

Front 37

self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others and respect by others

Back 37

d. Esteem-

Front 38

morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice and acceptance of facts

Back 38

e. Self-actualization-