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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tunica intima |
Innermost layer of the veins composed of endothelial cells |
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Tinica media |
Middle layer of the veins composed of smooth muscle and fiber |
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Tunica adventitia |
Outtermost layer of veins composed of elastic tissue surrounded by a fibrous layer |
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Bicuspid valves |
Are located In the intimal layer of the majority of the upper and lower extremity veins with the exception of the brachiocephalic veins. |
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The deep system |
-There paired with arteries and are deep below the muscle fascia -Their function is to provide the main source of blood return from the legs back to the heart Plantar veins of the foot (PTVs) Peroneal veins ATVs Popliteal vein Soleus Gastrocnemius veins Femoral vein Profunda (deep femoral vein) Common femoral vein External iliac vein Internal iliac vein Inferior vena cava |
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Superficial system |
They are not paired with arteries and are located just under the surface of the skin anterior to the muscle fascia for the majority of the course Their man function of the superficial veins is to help regulate the body's temperature by releasing it conserving heat |
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Two main superficial veins |
-GSVs great saphenous vein -SSVs small saphenous vein -The great saphenous vein is the longest vein in the body and originates anterior to the medial malleolus It courses the medial aspect of the leg all the way up to where it connects to the CFV at the saphenofemoral junction The small saphenous vein originate in the dorsum of the foot and course along the posterior aspect of the calf to eventually join the popliteal vein There is an anatomical variant in the SSV approximately two thirds of people have a variant where the SSV Continues above the knee connecting to the great saphenous as the vein of giacomini This tributary is not as prone to insufficiency as the main GSV and SSV trunks; however, its prevalence increases when one of the main trunks is incompetent |
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Venous insufficiency |
-Aka venous reflux -The increased pressure within the veins causes them to dilate and become varicose -As the pressure increases, red blood cells and fluid may start to leak out into the surrounding tissue at the area just superior to medial malleolus in an area known as the "Gaiter zone" SYMPTOMS may include -brawny pigment -hardening of the skin, -over time can lead to venous stasis ulcerations -Most common cause for venous insufficiency is previous DVT that has scarred the lumen of the veins and has rendered the valves incompetent, this condition is known as postrhromotic syndrome. |
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Pathology of the peripheral venous system |
-Thrombosis -Pulmonary Embolism -Phlegmasia Alba Dolans -Phlegmasia Creulea Dolens -Superior Vena Cava Syndrome -Venous insufficiency |
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"Virchows Triad" |
Three risk factors for the development of DVT -Trama Trama to the vessel wall examples: damaged caused by an intravenous catheter or trama to an area in the body such as a motorcycle accident -Stasis blood in the veins that is stagnant or not moving, veins are very likely to thrombose It is caused by immobility, postsurgery, or even extended airplane trips examples: Pregnancy due to extrinsic compression on the inferior cava by the fetus or immobility due to an inactive calf muscle pump -Hypercoagulability abnormalities of the molecular makeup of the blood that makes it much prone to thrombosis |
