The theoretical framework to guide this proposed study is the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM). The TTM is one of the health behavior theories that focus on individuals (Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanatah, 2015). TTM uses stages of change to integrate processes and principles of change across major theories of intervention, hence the term transtheoretical. TTM is an integrative framework for understanding how individuals and populations progress toward adopting and maintaining health behavior change for optimal health.
Core Constructs The TTM includes the following constructs:
1. Stages of change which denote to the current stage of change
These include six stages which are: Precontemplatio (no intention to take action within the …show more content…
Moreover, a person who wants to begin a regular exercise program might hang pictures of athletes in the living space or place an exercise machine in a frequently visited part of the house. Such environmental cues are used to remind the person of the commitment to the process of behavior change (Burbank & Riebe, 2002).
3. Decisional Balance It reflects an individual’s weighing of the pros and cons of chan. Pros are benefits of changing, and cons are costs of changing (Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanatah, 2015). Research has indicated that the degree to which a person rates the pros of a behavior higher than the cons is strongly related to stage of readiness for change (Burbank & Riebe, 2002).
4. Self-Efficacy
It is the situation-specific confidence that one can cope with high-risk situations (temptations) without relapsing to one’s former behaviors. Temptation reflects the converse of self-efficacy, the intensity of urges to engage in a specific unhealthy behavior when in difficult situations. Typically, three triggers account for most common types of temptations: negative affect or emotional distress, positive social situations, and craving (Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanatah,
Core Constructs The TTM includes the following constructs:
1. Stages of change which denote to the current stage of change
These include six stages which are: Precontemplatio (no intention to take action within the …show more content…
Moreover, a person who wants to begin a regular exercise program might hang pictures of athletes in the living space or place an exercise machine in a frequently visited part of the house. Such environmental cues are used to remind the person of the commitment to the process of behavior change (Burbank & Riebe, 2002).
3. Decisional Balance It reflects an individual’s weighing of the pros and cons of chan. Pros are benefits of changing, and cons are costs of changing (Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanatah, 2015). Research has indicated that the degree to which a person rates the pros of a behavior higher than the cons is strongly related to stage of readiness for change (Burbank & Riebe, 2002).
4. Self-Efficacy
It is the situation-specific confidence that one can cope with high-risk situations (temptations) without relapsing to one’s former behaviors. Temptation reflects the converse of self-efficacy, the intensity of urges to engage in a specific unhealthy behavior when in difficult situations. Typically, three triggers account for most common types of temptations: negative affect or emotional distress, positive social situations, and craving (Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanatah,