The idea of “civil" action, disobedience to connect individual action to the social good is a major part of Thoreau's belief system. Gandhi's march was "historical" because he recognized its ingrained life-changing nature. The "Long Walk to Freedom" is representative of how Mandela sees the end of apartheid in his vision.
The call for sacrifice and pain that each thinker suggests clearly makes the case for an optimistic end. Thoreau's advises that individuals pay attention to their own moral sense of what is right, optimistic in how it sees individuals as of the same heart and temperament in pursuit of that which is naturally good. At the time, Thoreau is imprisoned for refusing to