Ashman & Puri (2002) state that water is vital, not only for humans as drinking water but also to plants and animals. Water delivers vital nutrients to plants and is the foundation of our ecosystem (Ashman & Puri, 2002). Furthermore, Feehan (2003) also states that water is vital as water present in our soils, streams and rivers and follow the lie of the land. According to Feehan (2003) a typical farm is a water catchment and the activity of the farmer will affect water quality in the surrounding rivers or streams.
Bartram & Balance (1996) states that a monitoring programme covers the water course system of a catchment area. According to Bartram & Balance (1996) a catchment area is the area from which all water flows to …show more content…
According to Quevauviller, et al.(2008) economic development will accelerate demand on freshwater sources. Quevauviller, et al.(2008) states that ensuring good water quality measurements is key to compare data worldwide and inevitably provide a platform to base decisions relating to the management of water …show more content…
The WFD is the first EU legislative instrument which requires monitoring of biological, chemical parameters in European waters (Quevauviller, et al., 2008). Shaw, et al. (2010) also discusses the WFD. According to Shaw, et al. (2010) the (WFD) is aimed at restoring good ecological status of designated water bodies. Shaw, et al. (2010) states that the WFD introduced ecological objectives that promote the sustainable use of water sources. There are five classes of ecological status, high, good, moderate, poor and bad (Shaw, et al., 2010). The WFD introduced a river basin management planning system to ensure the integrated management of water resources (Shaw, et al., 2010).
According to Quevauviller, et al.(2008) the directive establishes a framework for the protection of ground waters, coastal waters, transitional waters and inland surface waters. The directive aims to prevent further deterioration by reducing pollution and protecting and enhancing the status of water resources and the aquatic environment (Quevauviller, et al., 2008). The WFD regulates management of water resources within each River basin district. Integrated water resource management is implemented at a catchment scale (Quevauviller, et al., 2008).
Quevauviller, et al.(2008) states that in order to obtain good status water quality under the WFD water, land and related