Introduction and Background
In 1988, the forty-first World Health Assembly passed a historic resolution pledging to make the world polio-free. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) headed by national governments, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA), UNICEF, Rotary International and WHO was launched as a consequence. The initiative is supported by key partners including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation1.
The GPEI target was to eradicate polio from the world by year 2000. The last cases of wild poliovirus (WPV) were reported in 1993 in the WHO region of the Americas and in 1997 in the Western Pacific region2. Initially, significant progress occurred however in 2010 the number of cases reported was higher in comparison …show more content…
Along with these cases, a circulating vaccine derived polio virus (cVDPV) 2 infections was also reported in May 2016 also from Borno state, confirming polioviruses have been circulating for several years undetected in these areas. This shows significant gaps in surveillance system and the risks of declaring victory prematurely. To date reported cases of wild poliovirus cases in 2016 are 14 from Pakistan, 9 from Afghanistan and 03 cases form Nigeria respectively5.
An estimated 1 in 2.7 million children are at risk of developing vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis associated with the receipt of OPV. This was the major reason why many developed countries switched from OPV to the injectable, inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which produces immunity in the bloodstream. Despite the clearance of polio from most countries, even if a single child remains infected, children all over the world will remain at risk of contracting polio, a scenario that could rapidly escalate to 200,000 new cases annually, all over the world within a decade6.
Countries reporting WPV …show more content…
Outbreaks of cVDPV type 1 (cVDPV1) were reported in Madagascar (10 cases), Laos (eight cases) and Ukraine (two cases). cVDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) occurred in Guinea (seven cases), Myanmar (two cases), Pakistan (two cases) and Nigeria (one case). Cases with continued transmission of cVDPV emerging during the previous year through to 2015 were witnessed in Guinea (one case), Madagascar (one case), Nigeria (30 cases), and Pakistan (21 cases). No new cVDPV cases were observed within ≥6 months since the most recent case in Pakistan (February 9, 2015), Ukraine (July 7, 2015), Madagascar (August 22, 2015), and Myanmar (October 5, 2015). Since the outbreak, Laos reported three additional cVDPV1 cases and no cVDPV2 cases in 2016 (to date) taking the total to 11. An environmental sample collected in March 2016 from Borno State, Nigeria tested positive for cVDPV2 and was linked to prior
In 1988, the forty-first World Health Assembly passed a historic resolution pledging to make the world polio-free. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) headed by national governments, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA), UNICEF, Rotary International and WHO was launched as a consequence. The initiative is supported by key partners including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation1.
The GPEI target was to eradicate polio from the world by year 2000. The last cases of wild poliovirus (WPV) were reported in 1993 in the WHO region of the Americas and in 1997 in the Western Pacific region2. Initially, significant progress occurred however in 2010 the number of cases reported was higher in comparison …show more content…
Along with these cases, a circulating vaccine derived polio virus (cVDPV) 2 infections was also reported in May 2016 also from Borno state, confirming polioviruses have been circulating for several years undetected in these areas. This shows significant gaps in surveillance system and the risks of declaring victory prematurely. To date reported cases of wild poliovirus cases in 2016 are 14 from Pakistan, 9 from Afghanistan and 03 cases form Nigeria respectively5.
An estimated 1 in 2.7 million children are at risk of developing vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis associated with the receipt of OPV. This was the major reason why many developed countries switched from OPV to the injectable, inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which produces immunity in the bloodstream. Despite the clearance of polio from most countries, even if a single child remains infected, children all over the world will remain at risk of contracting polio, a scenario that could rapidly escalate to 200,000 new cases annually, all over the world within a decade6.
Countries reporting WPV …show more content…
Outbreaks of cVDPV type 1 (cVDPV1) were reported in Madagascar (10 cases), Laos (eight cases) and Ukraine (two cases). cVDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) occurred in Guinea (seven cases), Myanmar (two cases), Pakistan (two cases) and Nigeria (one case). Cases with continued transmission of cVDPV emerging during the previous year through to 2015 were witnessed in Guinea (one case), Madagascar (one case), Nigeria (30 cases), and Pakistan (21 cases). No new cVDPV cases were observed within ≥6 months since the most recent case in Pakistan (February 9, 2015), Ukraine (July 7, 2015), Madagascar (August 22, 2015), and Myanmar (October 5, 2015). Since the outbreak, Laos reported three additional cVDPV1 cases and no cVDPV2 cases in 2016 (to date) taking the total to 11. An environmental sample collected in March 2016 from Borno State, Nigeria tested positive for cVDPV2 and was linked to prior