In this way, “the American gothic, it has been argued, takes a turn inward, away from society and toward the psyche and the hidden blackness of the American soul” (Goddu, 2000) This division of Romanticism reinforced inner darkness and heroes experienced diverse horrors like “perverse impulses, nightmarish terrors, obsessions” (Campbell, 2014) which all belonged to the realm of the psychological turmoil towards the irrational and the madness; also, the main purpose was to cause terror in the readers by means of depictions of castles, dark atmospheres, introduction of supernatural elements, and descriptions of shadowy landscapes (Gottesman et al., 1979). Other characteristics included: macabre events difficult for the protagonist to rationalize,
