Synthetic Cathinones

Decent Essays
Stability of synthetic cathinones in biological samples
A review of literature confirms to the fact that substance abuse is a global phenomenon. The most of countries strongly prohibit use of illicit drugs. For this reason, the people who are addicted for to illicit drugs are now addicted to new active substances which are called legal highs . These substances are more freely available and they can produce similar effects to illicit drugs [1,2].
Synthetic cathinones are one of the important psychoactive substances groups and they are synthetic derivatives of cathinone which is the principle component of Catha edulis ( Khat). The most spread synthetic cathinones are Butylone, Ethcathinone, Ethylone,3-Fluoromethcathinone, 4-Fluoromethcathinone, Buphedrone, Mephedrone, Methcathinone, Methedrone, Methylone, Naphyrone, Pentedrone and Pyrovalerone. [3] Nowadays there is a serious concerns about the impacts of synthetic cathinones on public health [3,4]. As several studies show that synthetic cathinones have been linked with intoxicants and fatal overdose.[3,4,5] The rapid spread of these substances and the rising use of illegal networks making the need for more information about the dangers that may cause of synthetic cathinones.[3] For the these reasons, the forensic toxicology community faces a difficult
…show more content…
As the GC/MS technique is the most technique used in forensic toxicology laboratories. The second aim in this work will be to study the stability of selected synthetic cathinones and their metabolites in the biological samples under different conditions . The final aim will be to understand the effects of selected synthetic

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Nt1310 Unit 4 Lab 4

    • 367 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The first objective of Lab 4 is to use structure activity relationships to predict the properties of an acid and the potency of hallucinogenic compounds. The overall goal of the laboratory is to examine quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) in a system that is either chemical or biochemical. The lab is divided into two parts; predicting the acidity of an organic acid, and predicting the hallucinogenicity of derivatives of mescaline. The materials of this lab for both part 1 and part 2 are small training sets, which are groups of similar chemicals with known biological activity, a computer to graph the data that is recorded in the tables, the internet resource MiLogP to generate LogP data, and computational programs that will…

    • 367 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Unknown Compounds

    • 695 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Once the solubility tests were finished, this provided numerical evidence that aided in determining the identification of the compound. From these three weeks of investigation, the group…

    • 695 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Describe examples of three biological specimens that can be analyzed using toxicology to provide evidence in a criminal case. Blood, urine, and liver. Blood can be analyzed is often the specimen of choice for detecting, quantifying and interpreting drugs and other toxicant concentrations. Concentrations of drugs and other toxicants in blood may be useful for establishing recent drug ingestion and to determine the effect of a drug on the deceased at the time of death, or at the time the blood was taken. Urine is the most common sample used for drug testing in the workplace, but it is not always available for post-mortem testing.…

    • 454 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    By altering how the body functions, these drugs not only provide users with the effect they want, but also with major consequences. With this drug bust, New York City, and society in general, moves one step closer to eliminating these lethal and addictive substances. However, supply and demand for these drugs is not likely to decrease anytime…

    • 358 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Bath Salts and Spice (K2) The drug Bath Salts are also known to the world as Synthetic Cathinones. First recognized in France, originally made for medical use but quickly banned for their vicious side effects. Bath Salts are made by humans from a plant known as Khat. Khat comes from East Africa and Southern Arabia(NIDA).…

    • 615 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Purpose The purpose of this lab was to separate unknown compound 204, composed of an amine, a carboxylic acid, and a neutral component, into each of its three respective states. The unknown compound was separated using microscale separation of acidic, basic, and neutral components by liquid/liquid extraction. Liquid/liquid extraction is a very common method often used in work-ups and allows for isolation of neutral components using acid/base chemistry; this method is extremely helpful in separating reactants and products of a synthesis. The components were purified and dried by evaporation and vacuum filtration.…

    • 1031 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Bath Salts Essay

    • 993 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Bath salts is the name given to a class of drugs that has common manmade chemicals related to cathinone. Bath salts are a kind of synthetic drug with mood-altering and stimulant properties, typically in the form of crystals (). The bath salt drug can be confused for the salts that are used during bathing. The creators of the bath salt drugs mimic the appearance of the bathing salts. Both of the salts are tiny, white, powdery particles and are usually sold in transparent pouches.…

    • 993 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Disparity In Sentencing

    • 389 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Starting in 1986, crack quickly grew into a super drug that was in the eyes of authorities (Congress) becoming an epidemic. The resulting legislation clearly has had an impact on the justice system and how it has functioned ever since (Kulze, 2015; Vagins & McCurdy, 2006). The issue of disparity in sentencing extends past cocaine and onto Amphetamine and Cathinone, the active ingredient in khat. The molecular structure between Cathinone and Amphetamine are almost identical, both are stimulants and have potential for addiction (big piece of scheduling), but khat is almost exclusively found in communities that hail from the Horn of African or Arabian Peninsula. What are the differences between khat and crack cases?…

    • 389 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    It not only is a carcinogen, but a teratogen as well. Now a people plagued with war, fighting amongst themselves, and the united states was now poisoned as well with a substance that not only deforms and kills, but carries into their children, and their children 's children (Cohn). It is no surprise that the longest war in U.S history has also had the longest effect on those involved in it. The United States government is still in mistrust. Everything is classified now and those who catch a glimpse behind what is classified are either prosecuted or sworn to secrecy.…

    • 1344 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Beginning from the perspective of social conflict theory, substance abuse is largely a drawback of fundamental discrimination and group disagreement. Despite the fact that substance abuse is commonly ubiquitous in society, social conflict theory reasons that minorities, the subordinate class and other downgraded factions are further to be expected to disproportionally endure undesirable effects as a consequence of substance abuse. Conflict theory refers to a set of social theories, for the most part of which hold origins in the handiworks of Karl Marx. Conflict theory suggests a form of society where assorted sets of people follow their interests individualistically or in contradiction of the benefits of other sets. These groups contend for supplies and control, and over a period of time, specific sets arise to control others.…

    • 990 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Poisons In Ancient Times

    • 207 Words
    • 1 Pages

    The effects of different chemicals on humans have been a subject of interest since ancient times but this originally focused on how to poison people. The ancient Greeks and Romans as well as Egyptians employed poisons (Ojanperä, Kolmonen and Pelander, 2012). The most popular poison was arsenic in Roman times, and in early France it was referred to as inheritance powder. It is known that poisonous chemicals were almost certainly studied by Democritus, and he found and conveyed some of his findings to Hippocrates (Ojanperä, Kolmonen and Pelander, 2012). It has been found that people used poisons both for murder and as an approach of execution as in the example of Socrates, as he was the first philosopher in the history who condemned to death…

    • 207 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Introduction: Enzymes have a huge effect on the human body and other organisms. Enzymes are catalysts that are used to accelerate the reaction process by lowering the activation energy. For this experiment the catechol oxidase was extracted from potatoes. The enzyme is called catechol oxidase because the oxygen is reacting to catechol. Catechol oxidase causes the browning of the fruits and vegetables because the compound is toxic to the bacteria.…

    • 1142 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The general theory behind this experiment was to study the synthesis of a drug from organic materials. During the experiment, esterification had occurred between reactants salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Then, phosphoric acid would catalyze the reaction and water would be added to decompose the remaining acetic anhydride. Through the process of filtration, aspirin crystals were collected and separate from the liquid acetic acid-water solution.…

    • 993 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Are you overcome with sadness? Do you feel the need to fit in? Are you experiencing tough times and do not know how to cope? Are you looking to fill a void? Are you bored in your suburban town?…

    • 2056 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    FTIR analysis of the stem bark extracts of Cassia fistula has absorption bands and the wave numbers (cm-1) of the prominent peaks obtained were described in Table 2. The peak at a frequency of 3463 cm-1, 1618 cm-1, 1448.3 cm-1 and 1241.9 cm-1 were strong while the others vary from medium to weak. Discussion: Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like tannins, flavonoid, carbohydrate, saponins, glycosides and phenol in the leaf extract while tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrate, saponins, glycosides, phenol and terpenoid in the stem bark . The presence of secondary metabolites in plants, produce some biological activity in man and animals and it is responsible for their use as herbs5 and therefore explains…

    • 1220 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays