Postpartum Depression: A Literature Review

Improved Essays
The topic of postpartum depression is a topic in psychology which has not been researched enough. The overall knowledge of postpartum depression has vastly advanced over recent years, but there are still many things which are still not understood with the condition. This has been labeled as a possible outcome of the high prevalence and low treatment rates (Banker & LaCoursiere, 2014, p. 503-508). The most common symptoms reported from women with postpartum depression are emotional mood swings, crying spells, low self-esteem, hopelessness, irritability, and a loss of interest in once-enjoyed activities (“Depression during pregnancy and after,” 2002, p. 6). The direct cause of postpartum depression is unknown at this time, but the research that has been collected on the subject thus far indicates that it is a bio-psycho-social problem (Fazlagić, 2011, p. 62-68). Postpartum depression is the most frequent complication following birth. This disorder often goes undiagnosed and untreated, and about 40-50% of all episodes relating to the disorder are unrecognized (Banker & LaCoursiere, 2014, p. 503-508). This paper will provide evidence to answer the question: what are the biological and psychological effects of postpartum depression on a mother? Annotated Bibliography Banker, J., LaCoursiere, D. (2014). Postpartum depression: risks, protective factors, and the couple's relationship. Issues In Mental Health Nursing, 35(7), 503-508. Banker and LaCoursiere’s article explains the effects of postpartum depression in a sense of the modern knowledge of it. …show more content…
The authors claim postpartum depression as the most frequent complication following birth. Postpartum depression often goes undiagnosed and untreated, and about 40-50% of all episodes relating to the disorder are unrecognized as the disorder. The overall knowledge of postpartum depression has vastly advanced over recent years, but there are still many things which are still not understood with the condition. The authors label this as a possible outcome of the high prevalence and low treatment rates. The authors agree that risk factors, social support factors, and relational conceptualization need to be further addressed in order for the human race to have a better understanding of what postpartum depression is and how we can make it stop. Depression during pregnancy and after. (2002). Harvard Mental Health Letter, 19(3), 6. This Harvard Mental Health Letter article starts out by quoting a study published by the British Medical Journal which states that nearly 25% of postpartum depression cases start during pregnancy. In this particular study, more than 9,000 women recorded their moods without indication of physical symptoms during the fourth and eighth month of pregnancy. The same women in the study followed up their results by providing the same insight into the second and eighth months following birth. The article explains that the study decided to leave out the physical symptoms that the mothers …show more content…
503-508). With proper research and education tactics for new mothers, the percentage of women who would suffer without treatment would most likely drop. There are some women who do not understand that this disorder is treatable if they seek medical attention. It is important for pregnant women to realize and be aware that postpartum depression is a real thing, and it is normal for them to feel emotionally unbalanced to some extent. They also need to realize that if the feelings become very strong or last for longer than normal, they need to seek immediate medical attention (Fazlagić, 2011, p.

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Along with the changes in hormones, there are sleep deprivation and stress that help contribute a father going into postpartum depression. To support his story, Mr. Quenqua refers to research conducted at University of Southern California. I investigated the research myself and read the original source. Researchers Saxbe, Schetter, Simon, Adam & Shalowitz published the article;…

    • 719 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In paragraphs 49 and 50 Jane talks about her baby, “It is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby. Such a dear baby! And yet I cannot be with him, it makes me so nervous” (Gilman 528). Jane wants to be with her baby, but her nerves won’t allow her. In “Postpartum Depression: A Review” is says, “Up to 60%…

    • 931 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Postpartum depression affects anywhere from 10 to 15 percent of women. Some of the symptom include mood swings, crying spells, sleeping problems and irritability. Postpartum depression can be crippling. It can also make it difficult for you to care for your child.…

    • 613 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    On the other hand, some women do not begin to experience Postpartum Depression until up to a year after they have given birth. At the very beginning of the story, the patient says, "...there is nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression—a slight hysterical tendency—what does one do" (Gilman 1). This particular quote is important because it is explaining that the patient has come to the realization that she is suffering from…

    • 1290 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    THE MOTHERS FIGHT The Mothers Fight is a non-profit organization that seeks to connect women who may be experiencing Postpartum Depression (PPD) with local professional and supportive resources within their community. In collaboration with other non-profit organization, Mothers fight provides free screening tools to local practitioners, hospitals, and community health centers for the purpose of connecting and identifying those individuals with PPD. The Mothers Fight is composed of regional advocates dedicated to ensuring those resources are available to those healthcare networks, public health departments, and individual providers within the community.…

    • 302 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Postpartum depression takes a huge toll on the life of many women. Not only the women, but the community and infant can also be effect by this such depression. Postpartum has taken many women to the edge, being the cause of many deaths. Key findings show that solutions are being used to help cure postpartum depression. Programs were built as well to help the growth of the mother.…

    • 966 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The narrator tells us that as a young child she used to “lie awake as a child and get more entertainment and terror out of blank walls and plain furniture than most children could find in a toy-store.” (Gardener 79) This entertainment and terror could be an example of the narrator’s mental state her whole life, as one of the risk factors of postpartum depression is a history of depression (“Postpartum depression”). On the other hand, postpartum psychosis is much more severe and a person who has this needs to seek immediate help. The Mayo Clinic lists symptoms postpartum psychosis as “Confusion and disorientation, obsessive thoughts about your baby, hallucinations and delusions, sleep disturbances, paranoia and attempts to harm yourself or your baby.”…

    • 1192 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    By focusing on the most severe and devastating symptoms and effects of PPD the mother who is suffering with less severe yet debilitating symptoms becomes fearful of a diagnosis of PPD resulting in increased incidence of concealment of symptoms from healthcare professionals and therapists. The intention of this article is pure and it attempts to draw attention to a very important issue while promoting a logical solution of depression screenings for prenatal and postnatal women. However, the execution of the article and the complete sacrifice of tact for the benefit of drama created fear instead of promotion of therapeutic education about…

    • 1100 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Post natal depression affects millions of women all over the world and there is absolutely no shame in it, but many women go untreated for years so it is your duty to take care of jer and keep an eye out for warning signs. Connecting with the baby can be difficult for some fathers as many of them are left out, even by the mother. But if you want to have a bond with your child then you need to make sure that the mother gives you the time to create the bond. You deserve a chance to bond as much as the mother does, it’s your child…

    • 413 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    This type of methodology intend to focus on two types of researches, one qualitative and the other is quantitative, ensuring that the right methods are adopted to clarify research objectives. The paper evaluates two articles focusing on maternal depression following child birth (Pugh et al, 2016) and its effect on fathering and children wellbeing (Beestin et al 2014). Research in this area is of crucial importance as it focus on methods used managing this type of disorder as many women suffering from it and do not receive the proper treatment (Pugh et al 2016). Researchers justified the importance of studies in this field This as postpartum depression affects up to 15% of women in the first year of child birth (Chalmers et al, 2008 cited in Pugh 2016), affecting their ability to care for their infants, lack of emotional support from the infant’s father (Milgrom and McCloud 1996cited in Beestin 2014)) and overall quality of life (Kendall- Tackett 2009 cited in Pugh2016).Choosing internet-delivered treatments are proved to be effective as well as cost effective regarding time and resources as opposed to face-to-face treatments…

    • 2212 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Andria Syka

    • 575 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The title of the article “Depression in pregnancy and ways of dealing” by Andria Syka relates to the topic being examined by stating the independent variable and the population it is focusing on. The abstract provided a brief summary by discussing the purpose, materials used, results and the conclusion. The problem statement was that depression in pregnancy can be severe for both the mother and fetus. The problem statement was clear and easy to identify. The author states that the purpose of this study is to investigate the responses to treatment of depression so that nurses will know the pros and cons and be able to guide and advise a pregnant woman who is suffering from depression.…

    • 575 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    A woman with a personal history of depression is at high risk of experiencing postpartum depression (PPD) after giving birth. Postpartum depression usually develops gradually over a period of time after a child birth. It has prolonged symptoms of depression that last more than a week or two and interfere with the ability to function on a daily basis with normal routines. Women develop PPD always follow with hormone level changes, physical changes and mood changes, extreme mood swings, concentration difficulty, weight loss, feelings of guilt, excessive concern about the baby or lack of interest in the baby are common symptoms of postpartum depression. Postnatal depression can interfere with the developing relationship between mother and babies after birth and impose overwhelming force on the relationship between the parents, as well as causing distress for mothers themselves (Baby center, 2014).…

    • 1517 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Preterm Birth Essay

    • 944 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Therefore, this review highlights the need of controlling risk factors of antenatal depression, which would subsequently help reducing the premature birth rates. Conclusion for…

    • 944 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    When women are pregnant they go through a huge influx of hormones; these cocktails of hormones are what helps the soon to be mother grow her baby to be healthy and properly develop. These hormones leave, once their jobs are finished, i.e. the baby is born and are lowered down, this drastic change from an abundance of hormones, to now a low amount is the main culprit for the depressive moods of the new mothers. The change in hormonal levels cause the moms to feel sluggish, tired and sometimes depressed. This depression ranges in levels of intensity. The lowest level being referred to as “postpartum baby blues”.…

    • 1542 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Midwife Partnership Model

    • 1593 Words
    • 6 Pages

    (Black, 2014) The NICE guidelines promote in sharing of the changes in the woman’s “mood, emotional state & behaviour that are outside of her normal pattern” (NICE, 2006). The guidelines don’t explicitly state that the woman should be encouraged to share her anxiety & insecurity of her mothering experience so far, but it states that midwifes should encourage the women & her family to report concerns , ask questions & discuss issues. One issue that arise is indications of postnatal depression. Dennis & Dowswell stated that “A clear beneficial effect in the prevention of postpartum depression was found from a range of psychosocial and psychological interventions” (2013).…

    • 1593 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays