The FTC only has jurisdiction in the U.S., so if actions are taken in a U.S. court, it does not deter white-collar criminals living abroad who have chosen Americans as their victims. The process in investigating cross-border fraud is a lengthy one. The extradition process is slow, the cost of sending investigators to other countries is expensive, and a lack of funds to freeze assets in other countries contribute to this problem (Hasnas, 2005). In addition, white-collar crimes occur in many forms and in a variety of professions. There may be some commonalities across these professions, those that rely on accounting may see some of these commonalities between offenses, but there are more differences than commonalities. Offenses in the healthcare industry may not be the same as those found in the clothing industry, thus creating barriers for agencies attempting to derail this type of activity (O’Connor, …show more content…
Benson & Simpson (2009) suggest targeting the opportunity structure (occupational mobility structure). That is eliminating the things which allow white males (for the most part) to excel to the highest ranks of an organization while insinuating that minorities and women can run these organizations with less incidents of white-collar crime. There has been virtually little to no research on this theory, and occupational discrimination would certainly be a problem (O’Connor, 2011). Braithwaite (1989) argues that social controls from inside and outside the organization can help with the reduction of white- collar crimes, or the use of reintegrative shaming rather than stigmatizing shaming (O’Connor,