Chapter 8 of the textbook started by highlighting how securities market is essential most particularly in the U.S market and how in terms of dollars, institutions like banks, insurance companies as well as some other intermediaries are more important and considered than the stocks and bonds markets. We understand that the actions occur behind closed doors of lenders such as the bank even though the market attracts media attention due to its relatively transparent style. We see countries such as the U.S, Germany Japan, and Canada stock exchange "equity" only account for only 12 percent of outside financing. But, nonbank financial companies and banks account throughout mortgage for considerable amount of external financing of three of those