Horkheimer's Alienation Theory

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higher education, the bourgeois still secure most of the jobs. We can see that individuals are trapped in their class, as that is the only way of life they know, and they do not know how to behave in any other class (Horkheimer, 16). We are conditioned in a way to only know how to behave in certain settings, thus individuals would not know how to behave when put into a new situation, such as moving to a different class in society. Adorno speaks of the aspect of feeling higher up than someone, or better than them (Adorno, 130). With this, no matter how much education and training a proletariat has, they will never be able to rise above the lower class, because the bourgeois are the most dominant individuals in society, and will never allow the …show more content…
The idea of alienation is exhibited in Horkheimer’s theory of labour (Horkheimer, 20). There is a clear distinction between one’s labour and the rest of society. Society no longer acknowledges the existence of labourers, and only focuses on the commodification of goods and services. This is due to the bourgeois not listening to the proletariat, and only minding what is most beneficial for them (Horkheimer, Adorno, 26). This creates the feeling of isolation between the labourer and his product, as he is no longer attached to the outcome. Humans now separate themselves with the process of labour, as a tactic to rise in society, and exert their power (Horkheimer, Adorno, 6). With the notion of estranged labour, individuals are no longer tied to what they produce, and can further advance themselves in their standings and amongst their peers. The notion of not being physically tied to a person’s profession can be both beneficial and detrimental in society. However, this creates the alienation the proletariat feel in their class. The separation of self from labour is detrimental to the working class, as their identity is generated through their professions. The bourgeois can then separate themselves with the consequences that come from the tactics of exploitation, and remain the most powerful forces in society (Horkheimer, 20). Citizens in society are …show more content…
It is extremely important when analyzing the family unit to take the economy into consideration, as it has a major influence on each member of a family. Marx, Adorno, and Horkheimer clearly theorize ways in which the economy impacts society, and the individual. This can then further be analyzed in the family setting. Using these theorists, it gives an understanding behind how the economy has influenced the changes we see in the family, such as the development of women in the workforce. The examination of the economy over large time frames, from the late 1800s with Marx’s theories, towards the late 1900s with the emergence of Horkheimer and Adorno’s theories, exhibits the ways in which the economy dominates the family structure in society. By using Marx, Adorno and Horkheimer, we can see how commodification and commodities, the division of wealth, and class divisions come together to further connect the economy with family life. Clearly, these aspects of the economy have a strong connection to the family structure, and the individuals within the family unit. The works of these theorists is evidently necessary when analyzing both the economy in society, and the family

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