Essay On Marked Categories

Improved Essays
Wayne Brekhus, of Rutgers University, explains the differences between unmarked and marked categories in his articles, Redirecting Our Focus and the Social Marking and Mental Coloring of Identity. My focus is drawn to criminal identity. The marked category would be people who identify as criminal and the unmarked category would be people who are not criminals. The marked category is comprised of people who are deviant and stand out. The unmarked category is made up of everyone else, people who are not out of the ordinary. Criminal identities can be seen through the trinary model. The trinary model begins with the marked, the preserved identities, then the unmarked, the generic identities, and the marked again with exceptional identities. This can be broken down into other categories of saints, average, and sinners. The marked category will also …show more content…
For someone with a criminal identity as a lifestyle, these are the types of people who live in more poor communities or typically in jail. This marked category is comprised of settings of lower class neighborhoods when dealing with certain crimes of property, robbery, murder, or manslaughter. For a lifestyler with a criminal identity who commits white-collar crimes would likely be someone wealthy, with a good job, living in a good community. Settings can vary depending on the serious crime being committed. For someone who is a commuter with a criminal identity, they would commit deviant acts by stealing something small at a young age. Another setting could be driving around, running a red light, or stopping after the stop sign. These acts are against the law, but it is not a serious offense. Integrators will make sure to stop at stop signs appropriately, slow down at yellow lights, and do not drive past curfew. An example could be for integrator’s that they are a designated driver and they are responsible for other people in the

Related Documents

  • Great Essays

    As we have learned, white collar crime can be difficult to precisely define and a wide variety of definitions have been looked at in the process. While there is no consensus on one definition, there is agreement among criminologists on the following being indicative of white collar crime including the occurrence of which is in a legitimate context, motivation that is derived from economic gain or occupational success, and a lack of direct, intentional violence (Friedrichs, pg 5). Trust and respectability are also very important terms in relation to white collar crimes that we do not see with conventional crime. An important sociologist, Edwin Sutherland pointed to the violation of trust as an important element of white collar crime and characterized…

    • 1582 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Decent Essays

    For example, robbery, burglary, murder, property, and violent behaviors are blue- collar crimes. Offenders of the blue-collar crimes usually have to come in contact with the victim in court. In a blue-collar crime, the offender is sentenced depending on the charge of the crime. On the other hand, white-collar crimes people with high paid occupations.…

    • 152 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Cultural Deviance Theory

    • 1576 Words
    • 7 Pages

    David Kennedy, professor in the anthropology department of John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York City, is the author of the book, Don’t Shoot, One Man, A Street Fellowship, and The End of Violence in Inner-City America. In his lecture to students at Millersville University Kennedy explains how he found what he saw on the streets of America to be “unconscionable” or very wrong. Over the course of many years, he observed the behavior of drug addicts and street gang members in Los Angeles, New York City, Rochester, Washington D.C. and other large cities around the country within the most dangerous neighborhoods. Kennedy has devoted his career to reducing gang violence and drug-related violence through his simple message of “this is wrong, this has to stop, and put your guns down.” He claims that his successful programs have resulted in greater than a 35 percent positive outcome of reduced crime rates.…

    • 1576 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    If asked, most people would describe a dark skinned, male, poor grungy or dirty looking, and possibly suffering from some sort of addiction. No one would ever describe the well-groomed, white male, in a perfectly tailored suit and that is the problem. Reiman states within his book that the typical image of a criminal is poor, and that if people are poor than it is their own fault, not the fault of our system, going on to claim that those lower status individuals are in need of some sort of reform. This is my biggest issue is that America is continuing to call a war on street crimes, and but doing so this perceives the threat of crime to come from the poor instead of the large quantity of corporate criminals. Reiman states in chapter four, that in order for these biases to continue in our society, the criminal justice system must fail to reduce the crime and in result help to generate a continuous level of visible street…

    • 1028 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this evaluation, I will be critiquing an analysis from my Senior Seminar class of a book called “Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City”, by Elijah Anderson. The assignment was to write an analysis based on the text to explore our deep thoughts, learn the distinction between descriptive and analytical writing, and make a strong connection between ourselves and Anderson’s overall message and argument of the text. This analysis was challenging but yet pushed my ability to improve my critical thinking skills and think my thoughts through to analyze the text. I learned that I had to first understand and describe the text before I am able to analyze its elements. However, my professor also emphasizes that…

    • 1348 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Nature vs Nurture Are criminals born or made? Are the way that someone is brought up the way they are supposed to be? Are people who have distinct genetics the ones that are definite criminals? Nature vs Nurture is a debate that has been going on for many years, The question is is a person genetically made up to be bad or is it the environment that they are exposed to the thing that change them.…

    • 2066 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Edwin Sutherland was seen as the most important criminologists from the Chicago School (Cartwright, 2011, p.159). Influenced by Shaw and McKay, Sutherland established the differential association theory; which later influenced other criminologists and sociologists to introduce other theories (Cartwright, 2011, p.155). Sutherland, as well as others, explored white-collar criminality, and while investigating this, he came up with differential association theory (which later lead to social learning theory). His differential association theory is based off the idea all aspects of criminal behaviour are learnt (Cartwright, 2011, p.156).…

    • 1213 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Professor Ashworth proposes an ideal solution to the discrepancy of conduct under murder, and the often disproportionate sentence that accompanies it. He argues that the judge should have the same discretion to impose lesser sentences as he has for other crimes , because the current inflexibility of the murder sentence results in disproportionate sentencing and thus labelling. However, the objective of accurate classification is entirely within the public interest because offence labelling performs a function of social reinforcement , therefore the current law does not suffice for the needs of society. The scale of D’s mens rea is not currently taken into full consideration – it is merely a requirement that must be satisfied for culpability, regardless of its extent – therefore this societal desire cannot be fully achieved under the strict ‘two-category’ scheme of labelling.…

    • 1445 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    “The Code of the Streets” written by Elijah Anderson draws a large focus to the differences of labels from a social theory and scientific point of view. It depicts the differences of what one would consider “street” or “decent” (Anderson, 82), “middle to upper class” vs “lower class”. The article considers the “street” class to be the younger generation; these would be the youth who oppose the views of those who live abiding by the law. The “street” often break the law, lack responsibility and have very little respect for authority and often distrust authority figures.…

    • 1425 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    What does identity tell us about someone? Can they be identified without having an identity? In my opinion, identity is not something that identifies our race, gender or sexuality. I believe that when identifying someone, it comes within that person, meaning you identify someone by their thoughts and actions. Not everyone has their own identity because they can be someone who follows another person’s footsteps, but that identification technically does not belong to them.…

    • 1104 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The main motive of white collar crime is money. The consequences of getting caught are heavily weighed by the offender to get the best benefits out of the crime. White collar crime is heavily based on the offender wanting to receive a certain status. This status may be used to be viewed as a person with money or a person with guts to commit this crime. An example of this is the Ponzi scheme.…

    • 2208 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    A theory that supports the actions of white collar crime is rational choice theory. “In rational choice theories, individuals are seen as motivated by the wants or goals that express their ‘preferences’”(Browning et. al, 2000). People in the everyday world are consumed by decisions daily from small things like deciding on dinner to major long term decisions such as last will and testimony. Based on the situation of the individual in particular decisions will vary.…

    • 1304 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    White-collar crime often is conceived as a sort of residual category in criminology, that is, as a form of crime that is unlike traditional forms of street crime. Write an essay in which you accomplish the following tasks:  Identify and discuss the distinguishing features of white-collar type crimes and white-collar offenders. How do white-collar type crimes differ from traditional street crimes in regards to their characteristics and the techniques used by the offenders who engage in them? One of the most important things I learnt from this class, is to specify the definition of the “white-collar crime” first whenever I want to talk about it.…

    • 1120 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In 1939, the term “white-collar crime” began to be associated with frauds committed by business and government professionals. The phrase was mentioned during a speech given by Edwin Sutherland to the American Sociological Society. Sutherland defined “white-collar” as “a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social stats in the course of his occupation” (White Collar Crime). However, white-collar crimes are described in various ways. The Justice Department characterize white-collar crimes as deceit, embezzlement, forgery, or a breach of trust that does not result in threatening into anything physical or violence (United States Justice Department).…

    • 1844 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Glen Walters’s lifestyle theory states that when criminals commit crimes, it’s due to the continuous cycle of “…irresponsibility, impulsiveness, self-indulgence, negative interpersonal relationships, and the chronic willingness to violate society’s rule” (pg. 268) that they grew up either with or around in their life. This theory also states that until a criminal can change their thinking pattern, their criminal behavior can’t be helped. Robert Agnew’s super traits theory states that criminals might have their personality, family, school, peers, and work to thank for introducing them to a life a crime. An example of this theory is a potential offender having low self-control and is irritable with bad parents who don’t teach them how to have higher self-control and to not be so irritable, mixed with bad experiences at school, and bad grades, and being surrounded by delinquents, with little to no money coming in, or no job can lead this potential offender to being an offender. Lifestyle Theory…

    • 1003 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays

Related Topics