In addition, this essay included a brief discussion on the difference between anthropocentric and anthropogenic value. Furthermore, from my perspective, polar bears and mars are examples of an anthropogenic value that is not anthropocentric. References:
Hettinger, N. (2012). Comments on Holmes Rolston’s “Naturalizing Values.” In L.P. Pojman & P. Pojman (Eds.), Environmental ethics: Readings in theory and application, (6th ed., pp. 119-122). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Inc. (Reprinted from Environmental ethics: Readings in theory and application, (1998)).
Jabr, F. (2010, March 14). How Does a Venus Flytrap Work? Retrieved from Scienceline: http://scienceline.org/2010/03/how-does-a-venus-flytrap-work/
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. (2015, December 8). Endangered Species Act. Retrieved from U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service: