The Code Talkers would then translate those words into English. In some cases the first letter of each word would stand for that particular letter of the English alphabet. As anyone can clearly see, this code was very complicated and all code talkers had to go through much training to be able to do this. There were many different requirements to be a code talker.…
Who would have known that the language of Native Americans, created hundreds of years before the founding of our nation, would prove to be one of America's greatest secret weapons? The Japanese cracked every code that the Army and Navy came up with, but not the Navajo code. Navajo is a spoken language handed down orally from generation to generation. The Code Talkers created a system of native words to represent characters of the English alphabet so that they could spell out English words that had no Navajo equivalent.…
In general, readers would feel concern about texting and textspeak and how it influences children, however some experts would disagree with those concern. Of those expert, some would see textspeak to be a “language evolution” (Cullington 365) an example would be David Warlick, a teacher and author of books about technology, he believes “students should be given credit for inventing a new language ideal for communicating in a high-tech world.” (quoted in Cullington) As an opposition against textspeak having bad influence, Warlick’s quote brings the bright side of textspeak. He wholeheartedly believes textspeak is language evolution that allow communication between individuals to speedup communication and students should be proud of their creation.…
According to linguists, people who study language, all spoken languages change over time. The rate of this change is not always at the same rate. For example, Japanese has changed relatively little over the past 1000 years, while English has changed rapidly in the past 300 years. There are two main aspects of change. They are: 1) terms used for objects, actions, and concepts and 2) how words are pronounced.…
Written language is governed by rules pertaining to the structure and grammar of the sentences (Fellowes & Oakley, 2014). Teachers working with Indigenous students should be aware of the syntactic language of AE and that it has several differences to SAE. These differences include omitting the verb, as in “They gone home” or using double subjects such as “my mother, she came home.” Teachers would adopt a formal register to students when delivering written work to the students’ like Emails, homework, mathematics or literacy worksheets, assignments, feedback, or excursion permission forms.…
Sepet is a Malay film that features a young couple, of which identify with different cultures. While generally people do live in harmony on an ethnic level, it appears to still be frowned upon for those who belong to different groups to be with one another and eventually marry. The experiences that the two main characters, Okred and Jason, have relates to that of experiences young couples may have had throughout United States history regarding the lack of acceptance of a relationship between two people who do not typically associate in such a way; however, this is something that differs from American youth today. While there is still a minority of those who do not support inter-racial marriages and relationships, it is generally socially acceptable.…
Computer programming has become all the rage in the recent technological boom of the 21st century. The job market for computer programmers is constantly on the rise, but most people do not actually know what programmers do. Programmers use languages to program, create, and do all sorts of things. Now on to languages, languages are usually lumped to into the same category of computer wizardry that no one can understand. On the contrary, languages can be broken down into many different genres and have their own followings saying which language is superior.…
In this article, she has compiled research from other researchers, noted the direction that field is going, and gave promising insight to those who are at risk of language attrition. She defines attrition as the “gradual forgetting of a language by individuals”, which can also be found in a first language, or an additional language. Hansen looks at the future of research which is progressing towards theoretically motivated research; such as, codeswitching in bilingualism, markedness theory, and regression theory. Examples were given to highlight the use of such theories. Additionally, she identified the main question that needs to be discussed in language attrition; not whether regression occurs when grammatical structure is lost, but instead when and what overhead factors occur.…
Rintell (1997) also argues that L2 learner pragmatic ability is reflected in how they produce utterances in the target language in order to convert particular intentions and how they interpret intentions communicated through the interlocutor’s…
Language is a means of communication. Human beings have the most complicated language which have many systems within the same system. There are more than 6000 languages around the world (Anderson, 2010). The speaker of any language determine the history of the language and how it has been codified in dictionaries and what is should be a language or correct language and what it should not be a language or correct language. English language is one clear example of these processes of the language.…
Outside of linguistics how spoken language is used is a topic that insights vigorous debate amongst peers, different generations and can affect ones chances for employment. What fails to be acknowledged is the need for language change over the course of time and environment. There was an era in Greek poetry when they were looking to the past for poetic structure in order to relay the importance of history in their culture. Then the formation of Koine Greek was imperative to the growth of the Greek Nations, not to mention the spread of a religion which has its own political implications. These language changes are a result of the shift of time and environment of a culture.…
Grievously, teaching and learning models of EMI, which are very substantial aspect at this age, are not yet researched well enough to serve EMI community. Latterly, at the same publication, in 2014 the only book about EMI teaching techniques, the co-called ‘Codeswitching in University English-Medium Classes’ edited by Roger Barnard and James McLellan. It seems that codeswitching is a well-known technique in Asia, but the teaching and learning models of EMI are not yet available for content teachers to study…
Learning a second language is a complex process that exceeds the acquisition of its structure and vocabulary. One of the major components of mastering a new language requires learners to become familiar and sensitive to the preference in language use by native speakers of certain sequences of words over others (Wray, 2000). It is the mastery of these word sequences that distinguishes novice from proficient L2 learners. Yet, there is still little agreement across studies on the number of words inhabit each sequence that worthy to define, the identification criteria, what to call them and how to teach them. In other words, it is difficult to identify a word sequence as being formulaic.…
How and why can language vary? No two individuals will sound the same, we all have subtle differences in the way we sound and how we speak which is unique to ourselves. Many differences in our language occur for many reasons such colonisation, immigration or invasion and can affect the dialect or accent that someone may have.…
As will be further discussion in Chapter II, there is no agreement on classification of PVs, although different scholars have attempted to classify them on the basis of different criteria (Liao & Fukuya 2004). Many terms are used in the literature to describe PVs, such as literal, transparent, semitransparent, systematic, completive, opaque, figurative, and idiomatic. Celce-Murcia and Larsen Freeman (1999) classify PVs into literal, idiomatic, and aspectual. Literal PVs are those whose elements keep much of their meaning. An example of a literal PV is to look for such as, he is looking for his keys.…