Changes In The Land By William Cronon Analysis

Superior Essays
For years people wondered what life was like before Europeans stepped foot on this then-virgin land? How did America looked back then compared to now? What were the Native Americans way of life in New England? William Cronon answers that and more in one of his classic installments entitled “Changes in the Land.” In this novel, we will explore the accounts of early settlers and some key figures who share testimonials of what they discovered, rather it be new species that are lying beyond the shores of New England or various cultures and their practices. Cronon 's thesis explains seventeenth and eightteenth century New England pefectly in a nutshell: “ The shift froIndian to European dominance in New England entailed important changes-well known …show more content…
The things that was scarce in England became ”merchantable commidities” in New England like wood for example. As from the accounts obtained my Cronon, England was experiencing a “near crisis in it wood supply since the time of Columbus, with the result that this single most important source of heating and building materials became increasingly costly throughout the century preceding the English revolution. Parliament began to restrict the cutting of English timber as early as 1543” (Cronon 20). The people of England had no choice but to turn to coal as a fuel …show more content…
In the northern New England, “women 's work involved gathering shellfish and birds on a shore, collecting wild plants, trapping small rodents, making garments, keeping camp, and the whole range of food processing activities” (Cronon 44). The men were only responsible for in Native Amerian tribes is hunting and gathering food/ game. In the southern region of New England, men went to nearby streams and rivers and fished were it was spawning while women worked the fields. Excluding tobacco, crops were the sole responsibility of women.

I 'm sure one thing we can agree on is that Native Americans relied on mobility to take advantage of spawnings and abundances. Native Americans moved from habitat to habitat to find abundance via minimal work, also reducing their impact on the land. The English, who believed in permanent settlements, began to use the Native American 's “relicance on hunting not only to condemn Indian men as lazy savages but to deny that Indians had a rightful claim to the land they hunted” (Cronon 52). From the Europeans point of view, they believed that only the agricu land was the only legitimate Indian

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    The Anglicization of North America In the late 1600’s, colonists from Britain began building a fast growing civilization in the newly discovered land of North America. The population flourished and rapidly multiplied, forcing the colonists to return back to a process called Anglicization. This process entails reverting back to the traditions that forced the colonists to leave Britain in the first place. Going back to British traditions resulted in multiple lapses in developments in the new civilizations which grew into one of the biggest conflicts and turning points in American history.…

    • 717 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Lois Green Carr, Russell R. Menard, and Lorena S. Walsh’s Robert Cole’s World: Agriculture and Society in Early Maryland, provides an in-depth study of the plantation established by Robert Cole, his family as well as his servants in seventeenth century Maryland. Cole and his family were English Catholics that had relocated from England to the New World because of the system of agriculture the Chesapeake was capable of producing. The Cole plantation account provides readers with an understanding of what was produced on the plantation, what was sold, and what was purchased. Cole’s life in Maryland was cut short, as was the life of many individuals who risked the harsh Chesapeake conditions to attempt at achieving economic success. We are able…

    • 1012 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Chesapeake Families

    • 1177 Words
    • 5 Pages

    The individuals for this research include Christopher Peake, born in England about 1612 , immigrated to America in 1634 and settled in Roxbury, Suffolk, Massachusetts, and Nathan Veitch born 1668 and raised in Calvert County, Maryland. 2. Familial Roles “Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988” shows that Christopher Peake married Dorcas French, 3 January 1636. Of interest is a letter from Thomas Gostlin…

    • 1177 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Despite the fact that both New England and Chesapeake Regions of North America were both settled by the superpower that was Great Britain, there were a plethora of differences in their foundation that resulted in them developing in completely different ways. Each region had a different point of view as it pertained to both their religion as well as their government. Each region was not only founded for a different reason than the other. Both these regions were founded in completely different areas that also offered different environments for each respective society to develop in. These differences caused the people in each of these regions to experience a drastically different way of life as well as these differences were able to change the…

    • 131 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    For the second Midterm I decided to answer the question that asked what were the early settlement patterns that each of the following followed; the Mid-Atlantic, the Chesapeake Region, and the Southern Colonies. I will compare and contrast the main ideas about each of the topic’s stated above. To start off this essay I will first talk about is the Mid-Atlantic, this part of the United States is consumed of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Washington, D.C., Virginia, and West Virginia. This region is also known as “ the typically American “.…

    • 975 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Families that came to New England were more prosperous than the single men who came to the Chesapeake region, New England families lived in tight-knit societies where everyone was treated equally while it was every man for himself in the Chesapeake region, and Puritans that came to New England were just looking for somewhere to freely practice their religion as opposed to many in the Chesapeake region looking to gain wealth. These differences had a profound effect that lead to differences that remain to this day, such as the area of New England being more democratic than that of Chesapeake. It is such differences that made the New World a distinct land that offered opportunities for all sorts of…

    • 748 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Unlike New England, many people died due to the diseases in areas like Virginia. Christian-like values were not always present as the settlers “vile” commanders demanded more money in exchange for food and water. Document E discusses the low wages in Connecticut and how the people came together to modify and regulate the prices. This shows how New England societies had a strong sense of unity by working out proper wages that all Puritans can live comfortably with to serve under God. This method of solving problems contrasted greatly with the Virginian colonies as shown in Document H where…

    • 873 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The patterns of American colonial life, specifically in the Massachusetts Bay colony, encapsulated the massive social, political, and economic shifts of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Factors including freedom of religious expression and increased opportunity for wealth or opportunity led many Europeans to immigrate to New England. Prominent figures and experiences of the entire Colonial Massachusetts Bay population as a whole are often times generalized onto those of the average colonist. Apart from diaries, letters, and other personal artifacts, historians have been able to construct newer theories about the lives of the average individual upon analyzing public and governmental records. This includes but is not limited…

    • 1133 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In Virginia, with its moderate climate and endless acres of moist, fertile soil, the early settlers soon found that almost any plant thrived best in the Chesapeake region. On the contrary the New England settlers had to endure a harsher climate where the fine rocky soils made farming difficult and many had to find new sources of income to survive. In addition to the obvious climatic differences between the Chesapeake and New England communities, there were also significant contrasts between each colonies foundations of socio-economic income, religious beliefs, civil liberties and the emerging social structures of their newly blossoming societies. One Similarity Both Regions of English Colonial American had in common was the demand for foreign…

    • 1172 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The conditions in which the English citizens of the early 1600’s lead to the surprised yet seemingly…

    • 1551 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    ‘Fettered in the chains of idleness,’ they would rather starve than work, William Wood of Boston complained in 1634. Indians were squandering America’s resources. Under their irresponsible guardianship, the land had become ‘all spoil, rots,’ and was ‘marred for want of manuring, gathering, ordering, etc.’ Like the ‘foxes and wild beasts,’ Indians did nothing ‘but run over the grass.’ (39).…

    • 1147 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Chesapeake vs. New England In the late 16th century, America was rapidly becoming colonized by the European nations. In fact, two of the major colonies in America both came from England under very different circumstances. These colonies are the Chesapeake, consisting of current day Virginia and Maryland, and New England, consisting of current day Massachusetts and Connecticut. Although these colonies both came from England, they significantly grew independent of each other.…

    • 1106 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    It is no secret that the idea of wilderness grips every American citizen. Some authors including, William Cronon, have gone to great lengths to explain American infatuation with the wild. Cronon in his article The Trouble with Wilderness, Or Getting Back to the Wrong Nature, presents the sublime nature of wilderness as one of the reasons Americans imagine nature. I believe both I, Krakauer and Chris McCandless disagree with William’s Cronon’s assessment of the American psyche. Rather than seeing the wilderness as, “rare places on earth where one had more chance than elsewhere to glimpse the face of God” (Cronon), Krakauer, McCandless and most Americans believe wilderness is a place to find yourself.…

    • 963 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    “Changes in the Land” is a personal work of William Cronon that generally gives a persuasive and original interpretation of the dynamic conditions in the plant and animal communities in New England that took place when there was a change from Indian authority to European authority. It uses both the ecologist and historian tools to construct an analysis of the way the people and the land influenced each other, and the way the complex network of relationships created the communities of New England. In his book’s thesis, in page xv, he states that, “the change from Indian authority to the European authority in New England resulted in many significant changes that are known well by historians regarding the ways the people lived that time and also led to basic reorganizations of the animal and plant communities in the region. As Cronon writes, when the settlers arrived in New England, the environment that they first encountered astonished them.…

    • 1233 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    By the late seventeenth century, much of Native American land was considered to be controlled and owned by the English crown. The only way an Indian could own property was to get a land grant from the King (Cronon 70). Once a European settler owned land, they were encouraged to “…transform the soil by a property system that taught them to treat land as capital” (Cronon 77). Cronon states a very important aspect to European land ownership in that the owner of an area of land must improve it and tend to their property for the land remain in their custody. Since Native American homes were easily…

    • 1758 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays