An examination of juries in death penalty cases in the early 2000’s shows that 25 percent of juries had no black members, and only 70 percent had two or fewer. Any experts support the strong while male dominance effect and a black male presence effect in cases that involved a black defendant and a white victim. Thus, the attendance of at least five or more white men dramatically increased the likelihood of conviction, and the exercise of the death penalty. Whereas the presence of just one or more black male juror drastically diminished that same probability. However, the racial effects only occur when the defendant and the victim are members of different races.
Research conducted by the University of Michigan demonstrated