A well-educated clerk by the name of Joseph Goldberg from a town in the Ukraine decided to seek refuge from an anti-Semitic homeland. Seeking a life in the New World Joseph embarked on a journey through Alaska, and California, finally landing in Texas in 1890. Later, continuing his journey, Joseph finally arrived in Chicago where his youngest child of eleven was born with the name of Arthur Joseph Goldberg. Arthur was only eight years old when his father passed away. Destined to graduate, Arthur worked multiple different low-paying jobs while attending High School. First attending Crane Junior College on a scholarship after High School, Arthur was able to transfer to Northwestern University on a scholarship also while also balancing a work
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While under the custody of the police he was refused the opportunity to review the situation with his attorney and was not warned of his constitutional rights. The Supreme Court found that Escobedo’s Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments were violated that any statement given by Escobedo while in police custody or during his interrogation may not be used against him at trial for the murder of his brother-in-law. (Williams, 1964)
Zemel v. Rusk The appeal of Zemel v. Rusk (Secretary of State) Zemel attempted to argue that he had the right to travel to Cuba but also went into the question of restrictions on passports. Zemel attempted to travel to Cuba to answer his curiosity at a time to educate himself as a citizen at a time when the United States had ended diplomatic relations with them. Zemel request for permission to travel to Cuba was denied. At the Supreme Court, the argument that the Passport Act of 1962 and Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 were unconstitutional. (Cornnell) The appeal of Zemel v. Rusk was decided on May 3, 1965 in favor of Secretary of State Rusk. Divided decision that held that Zemel’s argument of the Passport Act of 162 and Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 was not valid. That the Secretary of State does have the authorization to refuse to validate passports of Citizens attempting to travel to Cuba.
While under the custody of the police he was refused the opportunity to review the situation with his attorney and was not warned of his constitutional rights. The Supreme Court found that Escobedo’s Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments were violated that any statement given by Escobedo while in police custody or during his interrogation may not be used against him at trial for the murder of his brother-in-law. (Williams, 1964)
Zemel v. Rusk The appeal of Zemel v. Rusk (Secretary of State) Zemel attempted to argue that he had the right to travel to Cuba but also went into the question of restrictions on passports. Zemel attempted to travel to Cuba to answer his curiosity at a time to educate himself as a citizen at a time when the United States had ended diplomatic relations with them. Zemel request for permission to travel to Cuba was denied. At the Supreme Court, the argument that the Passport Act of 1962 and Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 were unconstitutional. (Cornnell) The appeal of Zemel v. Rusk was decided on May 3, 1965 in favor of Secretary of State Rusk. Divided decision that held that Zemel’s argument of the Passport Act of 162 and Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 was not valid. That the Secretary of State does have the authorization to refuse to validate passports of Citizens attempting to travel to Cuba.