The first article is written by Cyndy Caravelis, Ted Chiricos, and William Bales (2011) called “Static and Dynamic Indicators of Minority Treat in Sentencing Outcomes: A Multi-Level Analysis” and the second article is called “Sentencing with Discretion:Crack Cocaine Sentencing after Booker” by Ryan S. King and Marc Mauer in 2006. In addition, the last article is by Mona Lynch and Marisa Omori (2014) called “Legal Change and Sentencing Norms in the Wake of Booker: The Impact of Time and Place on Drug Trafficking Cases in Federal Court” from the Law and Society Review.
Summary
Caravelis, Chiricos, and Bales (2011) examines the “Habitual Offender” using a hierarchical generalized linear modeling to look at the direct effects of race using static …show more content…
Caravelis, Chiricos, and Bales (2011) demonstrates that the United States is constantly changing the racial and ethnic landscape, which creates this idea that ethnic minorities are a threat.
King and Mauer (2006) argues “One area where the struggle between the judicial and legislative branch has been most evident over the last two decades has been in response to crack cocaine sentencing” (King and Mauer 2006, p.8). King and Mauer (2006) demonstrated that the Booker decision effected crack offenses having some penalties go beyond the mandatory minimum.
Lynch and Omori (2014) argues “[…] while the districts that make up the federal system operate under the same formal law, the system operate under the same formal law, the system as a whole should not be treated as a single, unified entity that responds lockstep to policy mandates” (Lynch and Omori, 2014, p. 438). Lynch and Omori (2014) demonstrates that the laws on all levels state and federal do not match up to create a unified law in determining a sentence for an …show more content…
The federal sentencing guidelines restricts judges from using personal discretion instead of basing it off criminal history or race/ethnicity. Lastly, the United States needs to consider a different approach when it comes to sentencing guidelines in drug cases. The impressions that I gathered was that the in order to successfully suppress the racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system, they need to reform sentencing guidelines in drug
Summary
Caravelis, Chiricos, and Bales (2011) examines the “Habitual Offender” using a hierarchical generalized linear modeling to look at the direct effects of race using static …show more content…
Caravelis, Chiricos, and Bales (2011) demonstrates that the United States is constantly changing the racial and ethnic landscape, which creates this idea that ethnic minorities are a threat.
King and Mauer (2006) argues “One area where the struggle between the judicial and legislative branch has been most evident over the last two decades has been in response to crack cocaine sentencing” (King and Mauer 2006, p.8). King and Mauer (2006) demonstrated that the Booker decision effected crack offenses having some penalties go beyond the mandatory minimum.
Lynch and Omori (2014) argues “[…] while the districts that make up the federal system operate under the same formal law, the system operate under the same formal law, the system as a whole should not be treated as a single, unified entity that responds lockstep to policy mandates” (Lynch and Omori, 2014, p. 438). Lynch and Omori (2014) demonstrates that the laws on all levels state and federal do not match up to create a unified law in determining a sentence for an …show more content…
The federal sentencing guidelines restricts judges from using personal discretion instead of basing it off criminal history or race/ethnicity. Lastly, the United States needs to consider a different approach when it comes to sentencing guidelines in drug cases. The impressions that I gathered was that the in order to successfully suppress the racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system, they need to reform sentencing guidelines in drug