Analysis Of Professor Anne Scales: Radical Feminism

Improved Essays
experience, however, emphasises women’s fear of separation as deriving from an ethic of care and nurturance for the ‘other’ . Professor Anne Scales is largely critical of Gilligan’s ‘incorporationism’, which she claims to have ‘usurped women’s language in order to further define the world in the male image’ . She argues that inequalities on the basis of are considered to be simple legal mistake and male hegemony to be irrational in an otherwise rational existence . MacKinnon considers the ‘different voice’ of women to be constructed in response to the patriarchy. Cultural feminists, within feminist commentary, are considered to be ‘moderate’, as cultural feminist theories compliment traditional norms and stereotypical feminine traits and …show more content…
This school of thought focuses upon women as a class dominated by another, driven by arguments of women occupying different and inferior or subordinate positions in society . It is the view that feminist jurisprudence cannot exist until patriarchy is abolished . This has necessitated ‘special’ concern and responsiveness , as political and social structures are seen to continue to maintain inequalities and the dominance of male privilege. Radical feminism takes many forms, with Scales claiming it imperative for jurisprudential thought to ‘tap in’ to radical versions of feminism .

Radical feminism gained traction through its contemplation of phallocentric theories and open hostile to the standing patriarchy, challenging the foundations of Western knowledge, culture and inequality in the private and public spheres . Robin West claims existing jurisprudence to be masculine in nature; Catharine MacKinnon theorises that the deconstruction of other streams of feminist thought to consistently uncover a male bias , which MacKinnon denotes enforces the definition of women , differentiating itself from liberal and difference
…show more content…
Littleton claims female individuals to be ‘pre-social’, and, therefore, the concept of ‘women’ to be socially constructed . In consideration of this, it is argued that the aspiration of liberal feminist theory is to uncover individuality that has been ‘obscured by incorrect, overgeneralised, irrational ideas of what ‘womanhood’ comprises’. Littleton claims pursuing individualism is not reliant upon assimilation to male norms and produces a theory of ‘gender compliments’, which promote society’s accommodation of difference. This is held within a ‘special rights’ framework.

Radical feminism theory proposes the state to be male and the law to be responsive to society in the way men see and treat women . Catharine’ MacKinnon states,
‘Feminism claims the voice of women’s silence, the sexuality of our eroticised desexualisation, the fullness of ‘lack’, the centrality of our marginality and exclusion, the public nature of privacy, the presence of our absence’
MacKinnon claims there to be no ungendered reality or ungendered perspective ; the male standpoint takes hold of women’s voice. She creates an analogy between Marxist theories within the context of gender and considers the interrelated nature of feminism and gender contrasting this with labours relationship to

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    To the contrary, I argue that the Toronto Women 's Court was an ideal reflection of the politics of the white, middle-class feminists of the TLCW"(Glasbeek, A. 2009. p.13) Therefore, the court was both a place where "an activism that partially subverted male power"(p.14) and "a living experiment in feminism"(p.18) Glasbeek did an outstanding job describing the events of history and therefore will be an interesting and thought-provoking read for anyone who is interested in the law(otherwise a confusing read for those who aren 't as interested). The title of the book ideally reflects a time when there wasn 't really "feminized justice" because it was a rather deeply flawed product of the feminists in its day. The court was a righteous and honourable event in history that marked an important time for the upcoming of women 's rights and responsibility.…

    • 1695 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    To follow are summaries of the key topic areas they address. Prefaces The 2006 Preface opens with the statement how radical feminism over the last 20 years has had a vast impact on our culture…

    • 912 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Within our social constructions some individuals are more disadvantaged or advantaged than others. This is a direct outcome of the wrongful belief that some identities are considered more “normal” and desirable than others, creating boundaries (Bromley 52). In result, by not questioning these barriers, hierarchies of privilege are born which enforces hegemony and groups of undeserved privilege, leading feminists to inferences about inclusions and exclusions in terms of power (Bromley 53). “Like all hierarchies, power is embedded into the dividing line between the two binaries” (Bromley 51). An example of unearned privilege in “Feminisms Matter” due to unfair assumptions about identity is job employment.…

    • 1291 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical or philosophical discourse. In other words, it aims to understand the nature of gender inequality while examining women’s roles in…

    • 1405 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    In society today, it is often assumed that women are the victims of atrocious oppression at the hands of men. This belief includes the thoughts that women are held back by unequal pay, being denied leadership roles, having to be the primary caretaker of children, and more. Feminists argue that they are trying to improve society by correcting these issues. Richard Dorment is his essay “Why Men Still Can’t Have It All” explores the topic of feminism and attempts to show a different view of it by showing some negative aspects of the feminist movement. This stance challenges a movement that proclaims it is fighting for an honorable cause.…

    • 1836 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The essential role, which Gay does in her book, is to inform the public, men and women, that feminism is not an “angry, sex-hating, man-hating victim lady person” (Gay xi). For feminists…

    • 975 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Lose The Lads-Mag

    • 1277 Words
    • 6 Pages

    My chosen briefing paper is the '"Indecent" publications in shops' paper . This looks at the availability of soft pornography and so-called 'lads-mags' in newsagents and shops, and whether they should be banned. The paper specifically looks at the criticism from campaigners and groups such as the "Lose the Lads' mags" campaigners who believe the publications portray women as "dehumanised sex objects". However, the paper also looks at the guidelines that are currently in place for the displaying of these titles and whether these guidelines are sufficient to keep the publications out of the sight of children. I will be applying the topic of feminism, and in particular radical feminism, which I will give a brief overview of, before raising any…

    • 1277 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In bell hooks’s essay, “Feminist Politics: Where We Stand”, she discusses the loss direction and meaning behind feminism, and therefore a loss of momentum as well. The word ‘feminism’ today has been pegged as a movement embraced by a group of man-hating, power hungry women who want everything men have. Thus, many women refuse to be identified as feminists. A newspaper article written by Sarah Boesveld in the National Post called ‘Not all feminists: How modern feminism has become complicated, messy and sometimes alienating’ discusses a post on Tumblr that said, “I don’t need ‘feminism’ because I don’t need a label defining me. It’s the 21st century in America and being female is seriously the best” (Boesveld).…

    • 759 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    We live in the 21st century yet sexism or gender discrimination is still present everywhere, in every culture, in every country, in every workplace. Sexism is the belief that there are innate psychological, behavioural and intellectual differences between men and women. These differences create divisions that results to discrimination and inequalities. Also, these differences imply the superiority of one group, usually men and inferiority of the other, usually women. There is no country in the world in which women and men have equal right, there are countries where women are being owned by men in exchange for money.…

    • 1272 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Feminism is the advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men (“Feminism”). Women have always struggled in the fight to gain equality with men, despite the many major advances; society still has a long way to go in addressing the issue of gender inequality. Women’s rights are somewhat a delicate and unsettled subject that society still continues to debate today. The belief that women simply because they are women are treated inequitably within a society as it is organized to prioritize the male viewpoints and concerns. Within a patriarchal society, women have always been placed on a lower status compared to men.…

    • 1141 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Resilient Relevancy of Feminist Standpoint Theory Nancy Hartstock’s (1983) Feminist Standpoint Theory possesses resilience worth noting. Published in the early 1980’s, it emerged from a volatile intersection of politics and culture and economics, the era of Reagan and Thatcher and The Invasion of Grenada, Reaganomics, the rise of laissez-faire neoliberalism and trickle-down economics, Star Wars SDI Program and the outbreak of AIDS, the failure to pass an Equal Rights Amendment and the Sex Wars. During this time Hartstock turned to a Marxist definition of class and proletarian standpoint theory to fashion a gender-specific political analysis that sought to understand patriarchal power dynamics and impacts from the vantage point of the marginalized…

    • 854 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Feminism was used to describe a “political, cultural or economic movement aimed at establishing equal rights and legal protection for women… Feminism involves political and sociological theories and philosophies concerned with issues of gender difference, as well as a movement that advocates gender equality for women and campaigns for women 's rights and interests.” This term created a balance in gender equality. Freedom for Women by Carol Giardina presents a history of the women’s liberation and also the collective feminist’s activity that had occurred years ago. Women have taken many different approaches in recovering from the women’s suffrage.…

    • 880 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A current stereotype of feminism is that supporters have to be radical man-haters. Andersen (2015) states, “This [viewpoint] is simply not true, as any close look at the diverse men and women who are feminists would show” (p. 8). Andersen’s statement and John Stuart Mill’s belief exemplifies how a feminist’s convictions do not have to be extreme. This simple, yet profound realization is comforting to me. The multifaceted argument of John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Mill raises questions about a female’s position in society and what believing in feminism…

    • 887 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Feminist Ethics challenges us to revise, reformulate and rethink traditional ethics to the extent it devaluates women 's moral interpretations. Among other feminist thinkers that will be discussed in this essay, Alison Jaggar faults traditional ethics for letting women down in many ways. Significantly it shows less concern for women 's as opposed to men 's issues and interests and overvalues culturally masculine attributes such as hierarchy, domination and transcendence. Whilst undervalues culturally feminine attributes such as connection, nature and process life. (Jaggar, 1992).…

    • 1655 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Essay On Liberal Feminism

    • 1187 Words
    • 5 Pages

    When discussing the different feminist theories, it is highly important to define feminism. Whenever we discuss feminism often or not, patriarchy is brought to the table. Looking through the lenses of women today; we notice different situations because of the diversity among ourselves (women in this case). Skin color, gender, sexual orientation, religion and nationality all play a huge role in the discussion of what connects women to each other. We will be taking a look at how patriarchy infiltrates most of the legal, social and political channels.…

    • 1187 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays