Polymorphism

game theory and animal conflict as well as sexual conflict, which exists in the process of sexual selection. In addition, the paper covers the issues of ecological factors, which influence the animal mating systems as well as the male or female polymorphisms. All these are…

Preclinical points of view Metformin improves the insulin resistance primarily in muscle, liver, and adipose tissues by reducing the liver glucose output, largely due to a diminution in the rate of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (97). Various beneficial effects of metformin include attenuation of abnormal glucose metabolism, weight loss, improvement of insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, subclinical inflammation, lipid-lowering properties, antineoplastic potential and cardiovascular…

I would like to be genotyped to see if I am a carrier for certain alleles for Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 (TF7L2) gene and if my family is genetically susceptible to the diseases. In other words, I want to know which SNP and what genotype I hold. The reason behind my decision is that I know that T2D is caused by environment and genetics. Getting tested will help me take further actions if my results show that I have predisposition. Many factors contribute to type 2 diabetes,…

long-standing riddle in population genetics, the disproportionately narrow range of the genetic diversity compared with the large magnitude difference of population size across tree of life, known as Lewontin’s Paradox (Lewontin, 1974). Genetics polymorphism varies across genome and thought to be as the result of balance…

the one before it. B. Why is the incidence of sickle-cell anemia an excellent example of a "balanced polymorphism," in which two or more alleles are maintained by natural selection in a population? Balanced polymorphism is the term given to the phenomenon where two different versions of a gene are allowed to coexist in an environment. Sickle cell anemia is a great example of balanced polymorphism in action because when a host with a gene for normal hemoglobin and a gene for sickle hemoglobin…

Breast cancer is a malignant neoplasm that is located within the cells of the breast. Normally, cells divide to grow, repair, and replace other cells. This cell division is controlled by DNA within the nucleus of every cell. However, when cells in the body start to grow out of control, cancer begins. A variety of factors, both genetic and environmental, may disrupt growth of regulatory pathways and result in the development of cancer. Major factors taken into consideration for breast cancer…

All subjects signed a written informed consent before enrolment. Three ml venous blood sample was taken after fasting overnight (12 h) from each subject for detection of MTHFR gene polymorphism by PCR-RFLP technique and for measurement of the following laboratory investigations: plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), Presence of hypertension has been assessed. Hcy and folic acid were measured by ELISA kit supplied…

The four forces of evolution are mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. Mutations are the only force that can change the genetic code and without them the other forces wouldn’t happen. When a mutation takes place in a sex cell, it can them be passed down through generations. Natural selection was first brought about by Charles Darwin. It is the belief that the better an organism adapts to their environment, the more likely they are to live longer as well as reproduce. Genetic…

7%) were phylogenetically informative. Flannery et al. (2006) assessed polymorphisms in Brassica, Arabidopsis, Camelina, Raphanus and Sinapis using 10 plastid SSR primer sets. Eight loci were polymorphic, and separated the individuals of Brassicaceae into taxon-specific groups (Arabidopsis, Camelina, Sinapis and Brassica genera). Louarn et al. (2007) also evaluated 59 Brassica oleracea cultivars for microsatellite polymorphisms. All SSR markers, except one, produced a polymorphic information…

The etiology and pathogenesis of RA are complex and multifaceted. A range of predetermined (genes) and stochastic (random events and environment) factors contribute to susceptibility and pathogenesis.(kelly). The initiation of RA probably begins years before the onset of clinical symptoms. This process involves certain specific genes that can help break tolerance and lead to autoreactivity. It is likely that the earliest phases are marked by repeated activation of innate immunity Cigarette smoke…