Polymorphism

1994). By chance, the intragenic recombination may be occurred in the recombination hotspots or cold spots (Mourad et al. 1994). Tto identify the intragenicthis recombination, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers within target genes were used to distinct two parental alleles in traditional genetics . The intragenic recombination causes a distinct fragment pattern from both parents (Okagaki and Weil 1997). To easily discover the intragenic…

some research to not be present in the general population of China, Japan, and Nigeria which is supported by the lower rates of HD. Individuals of European descent have been shown to have an enrichment of a set of “22 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms…” that contribute to appearance of the disease. General risk factors that matter also include sex and age of the transmitting patient, and environmental…

The first of the four forces of evolution is genetic drift. Genetic drift is a random occurrence among species and is a way in which specific individuals' genetics will carry over into the next generation gene pool. This process happens when a species' alleles randomly change frequencies. This happens to the point where a gene is either no longer represented in the gene pool or is the entire representation of the gene pool (more likely with a smaller population). The second of the four forces of…

Multiple Sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease. This immune mediated process is directed towards the central nervous system. Through this process it causes the immune system to surround and attack the myelin around the nerve fibers in the body of the victim. Once this myelin has been stripped from the nerve endings, it is very hard for it to regenerate or repair itself. These attacks against the body interrupts and distorts nerve impulses traveling to the brain. MS is a common name for…

Virchow-Robin (VR) spaces or perivascular spaces of the brain refer to spaces that accompany the cerebral vessels as they pass from subarachnoid space into the brain parenchyma. A few evident perivascular spaces can be considered normal at any age but many visible perivascular spaces are not. The relevance of visible perivascular spaces to SVD is shown by their presence in increased numbers in patients with white matter hyper-intensities and with symptomatic lacunar ischemic stroke. The…

differences in phenotypes are very important to a species survival. Darwin studied finches, for example, and which characteristics mattered the most in order to survive such as the best-shaped beak. B. According to encyclopedia.com, “Balanced polymorphism is a situation in which two different versions of a gene are maintained in a population of organisms because individuals carrying both versions are better able to survive than those who have two…

proposes that the biological cause of OCD is a hyperactivation of the frontostriatal circuitry, which leads to exaggerated concerns about danger, hygiene and harm[2]. This theory is supported by 3 main lines of evidence: first, disruptions or polymorphisms in the glutamate system (yet to be determined) may lead to a hyperexcitatory effect of glutamate[1-3]; second, increased concentrations of dopamine may result in higher levels of activated of D1 receptors, which will consequently overactivate…

chronic use. In that time were a dramatic increase in the over-prescribing of opioids medications due to the misuse, abuse, diversion and addiction. There is a broad spectrum in the response, adverse events, lack of efficacy due to single nucleotide polymorphism variants or development of tolerance to these kind of medications.…

Autoimmunity and the Endocrine System Chad Martin Nursing 631 Grand Canyon University December 12, 2015 Introduction The immune system in the human body is protection. Protection not only from infectious disease processes and foreign bodies but from ourselves. The immune system is great to have when working well, however, there can be unintended and serious consequences when the system fails and initiates inappropriate responses to our bodies own cells. Autoimmunity specifically is the…

Social interaction and behavior including everything from altruistic actions towards family members to acting properly at work , is a crucial part of our life. It is important to understand the mechanisms behind why we feel an urge to behave in the way we do. Many probably wondered, why do some people cheat compulsively while others stay faithful or why some people are more “emotionally available” than others. Recently neurobiologists have made breakthroughs behind the differences in this…