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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what type of government are leaders “chosen” by birth?
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Monarchy
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What is the difference between a direct and representative(republic) democracy?
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In a republican democracy,people elect officials to make laws for them.
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Define empire
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a country that controls diverse regions, ethnicities, and nationalities
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Describe the Renaissance
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It had a secular focus - It started in Italy - it was a rebirth of Greek and roman culture & it encouraged individual human achievement.
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What caused the Renaissance?
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Population shifted from urban to rural areas
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What were the characteristics of Renaissance art?
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1 - a change from medieval art
2 - art began to appreciate the human body 3 - art began to use idealism (wanted everything to look perfect with a lot of detail) |
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How did the ideals or philosophy of the Renaissance influence European society?
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Art began to explore more humanistic themes
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Who was Machiavelli?
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an Italian politician who wrote the book "The Prince"
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What was "The Prince"
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a book written by Machiavelli which discussed the best ways for a ruler to rule thier subjects
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How did Machiavelli's ideas impact the Renaissance style of governmental leadership?
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He taught that rulers should use whatever means necessary to accomplish a goal (the end justifies the means).
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Who was Martin Luther?
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A German priest responsible for starting the Protestant Reformation.
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What was Martin Luther most known for?
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Beginning the Protestant Reformation
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What was a common criticism of the Catholic Church before the Reformation?
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Corrupt church officials used the Bible to promote thier own self-interest
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How did Martin Luther interpret what the Bible said about how to get into heaven?
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he believed that salvation could be reached if you had faith alone.
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What were results of the printing press?
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1 - a higher rate of literacy in Europe
2 - a more rapid spread of ideas occured 3 - books, like the Bible, were more readily available |
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What were indulgences?
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priests selling forgiveness
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Why did the Protestant Reformation threaten the Catholic Church?
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the authority of the pope and other Catholic officials was questioned
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Why did Europeans explore the New World?
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1 - to become famous
2 - to seek trade routes to the East 3- to spead Christianity 4 - to seek gold and wealth |
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Who was Magellan?
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An explorer who sailed around the world for the first time.
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Who was Columbus?
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An explorer who "discovered" the Americas
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Who was Vasco da Gama?
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An explorer who sailed to India
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What were characteristics of an Absolute Monarch?
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1 - they used heredity to keep power within the family
2 - they used thier power to control all social classes 3 - they lived extravagant lives of luxury 4 - they used force to crush their opposition |
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Who was John Calvin?
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The founder of the Calvinist religion.
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What was the Protestant Reformation?
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The split of the Chritian Church into 2 branches: the Catholics and Protestants.
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What is a Protestant?
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Any non Catholic Christian originating from Western Europe.
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Who was Louis XIV?
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The Absolute Monarch of France
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What political structure best describes the rule of absolute rulers like Louis XIV?
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autocracy
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What is social mobility?
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the ability to be able to move up or down social classes due to advancement, or lack thereof
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What is divine right?
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the theory that the kings power comes from God
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What is self sufficient?
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the ability to take care of yourself
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What is secular?
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not having to do with religion, concerned with non religious subjects
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What is political structure?
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another way of saying a type of government
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What is individualism?
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The belief that people should think for themselves instead of having the Church tell you what to do.
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What is Humanism?
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a philosophy which embraced people and their accomplishments vs. the afterlife
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what is a missionary?
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a religious figure traveling to spread Christianity
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What is an aristocracy?
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a government where the upper classes had control
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What was the government practiced only in Athens Greece?
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Direct democracy
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Which form of government sometimes had a ruler who claimed God gave them the power to rule?
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monarchy
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In which government is the power to rule passed down to one person through the family?
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monarchy
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In which government does having money matter most?
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oligarchy
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What was the Renaissance?
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The rebirth of greek and roman culture
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What is a direct democracy?
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A government when people themselves directly vote on laws
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What is a representative democracy?
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A government when people vote for government officials to make the laws for them.
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Where did the Renaissance start?
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Italy
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What is "urban"
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city life
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What is "rural"
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country life
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What were the three characteristics of the Renaissance?
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1 - Humanism
2 - Secularism 3 - Individualism |
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What was "salvation"?
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to be saved by God and get into Heaven
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What does "corrupt" mean?
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Immoral and dishonest
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What does "literacy" mean?
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the ability to read and write
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What did Magellan, da Gama and Columbus have in common?
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they were all explorers
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What does "heredity" mean?
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to pass down through the family
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