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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the main purpose for the Exploration? |
To find gold |
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Who gained more from the Columbian Exchange? |
Europeans did (not America) |
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What did the American's show the Europeans in the Columbian Exchange? What did this do for Europe? |
Corn and potatoes - this revolutionized Europe by bringing highly nutritious food to that helped (for the most part) end hunger |
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What did the Europeans give to the Americas during the trade? |
Disease - smallpox was biggest disease - also brought livestock such as cattle |
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What is Capitalism? |
Economic system where means of production are privately owned and wealth is invested for profit |
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What is the joint-stock company? |
How people invested in a company |
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What was the risk in investing in the joint-stock company? |
May loose or not make any money |
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What is Mercantilism? |
Economic policy found by Europeans - relies on self sufficiency; country had to retain its gold and silver because it was directly equal to a countries power |
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What is essential for the Mercantilism system to work? Why? |
Colonies - because they provide resources for people |
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What is the favorable balance of trade? |
People wouldn't give away their own gold but they would try to get gold from other countries (profit) - country exports/sells more than they import/purchase |
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What happens as a result of the Economic Revolution? |
Wealth increases from trading and exploration |
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What is the Sengoku? |
Period of Warring States |
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Why was the "Sengoku" taking place? |
- Civilization was declining (feudalism declined) - Shoguns were collapsing - Daimyo (Lords) were fighting with one another for power |
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What happens as a result of the "Sengoku"? |
New style of feudalism develops - Daimyo still have a constant struggle for power |
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Who comes into control after Songoku? Who is he? |
Oda Nobunaga - he is the most powerful Daimyo who brings lesser Daimyo under him |
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What does Oda seize for himself? |
The capital city of Kyoto |
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How did Oda rule? |
Ruled by force - how he maintained control |
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What did Oda NOT do? |
Did not unify/conquer all of Japan |
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What is Seppuku? |
Ritual suicide when you are shamed or dishonored by one of your own |
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Who commits Seppuku? Why? |
Oda Nobunaga because he was betrayed by one of his generals |
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Who is Toyotomi Hideyoshi? |
Most powerful general under Nobunaga - gains control after Nobunaga kills himself |
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What does Toyotomi control? |
Government |
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What is Toyotomi's biggest goal? |
To control Korea and China (he invades Korea but does not conquer and he never invades China) |
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Does Toyotomi unify all of Japan? |
No he unifies most but not all - he is able to gain more land ten Oda did |
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Who is Tokugawa Ieyasu? |
Follows after death of Hideyoshi - he is able to fully conquer Japan (unifies it) |
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What does Tokugawa do once he unifies Japan? |
Moves capital from Kyoto to Edo (which today is named Tokyo) |
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What is the Tokugawa Shogunate? Why was it needed? |
It was the "alternate attendance" policy that helped run the country - one year Lord must live in Edo and next year he can go back to feudal land |
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What was the purpose of the shogunate? |
To make sure that the Lords did not rebel (keep an eye on them) |
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What helped keep this shogunate so successful? |
Family of the Lord would live with Ieyasu in Tokyo so if the Lord were to rebel he had his family with him |
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Why do the Portugese (Europeans) come to Japan? |
To see how Christianity works - Christianity is popular |
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What does Christianity bring to Japan? |
Bring technology, novelties and weapons etc. |
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Why is Christianity banned? |
Peasant Uprising was blamed on Christianity and therefore it begins to interfere with their culture and is therefore banned by Ieyasu |
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What happens as a result of the banning of Christianity? |
Country becomes closed |
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What was the real reason for the Peasant Uprising? |
Peasants were mad about their rights |
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What is the name of the only open port from Japan? What countries can trade there? |
Nagasaki - only Dutch and Chinese could trade with Japan |
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What is Da Gama's Voyage? |
Europeans open direct sea trade with Asia |
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What happened after Da Gama's Voyage? |
Portugal built a trading empire throughout Indian Ocean |
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What does Portugal take control of from the Muslim Merchants? |
Spice trade |
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Who is Alfonso de Albuquerque and what did he want to do? |
Sea Captain that wanted to crush Muslim and Italian domination of Asian trade |
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What were Portuguese merchants able to bring back from Asia? |
Goods at around one fifth of what they cost when they purchased them from the Arabs and Italians |
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What happened as a result of trading with Asia? |
Europeans eventually began to depend upon Asia - also wanted to establish their own trade empires in East |
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Who began to challenge Portugal's dominance over Indian Ocean trading? |
English and Dutch |
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What happened once English and Dutch conquered the Portuguese land? |
They battled over dominance over the area |
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What happened as a result of their battle? |
Establish of an East India Company for each country that gave direct trade throughout Asia - had power to mint money, make treaties and raise their own armies |
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Which of the two Indian Companies were more rich? |
The Dutch East Company - caused them drive out the English and establish dominance over the nation |
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What did the Europeans battle the Muslims for control over in Southwest Asia? |
Holy Lands |
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What was the main reason for European exploration? |
Looking for new sources of wealth |
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Why were most Europeans not interested in exploring foreign lands? |
Europe was completely isolated from the rest of the world until the 1400's |
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What helped to spur the European exploration? |
Desire to grow rich and spread Christianity as well as advances in sailing technology |
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When were Europeans first introduced to spices? Why did they want them so badly? |
During the Crusades - they helped to spice up the bland food in Europe |
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What motivated other European traders to find their own source of spices? |
Italian merchants resold spices for high prices and therefore they wanted their own supply so they could make profit |
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Who is Bartolomeu Dias? |
Early Portuguese explorer |
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What helps makes exploration possible? |
Technology |
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Who helped the Portuguese expand farther into the Indian Ocean? |
Prince Henry - who had support from government and was a strong leader |
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What were some things that Henry found when trading? |
Spices, gold, ivory etc. |
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What guided the explorers in Prince Henry's day? |
Sun, moon and stars |
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What were some tools used during exploration? |
Compass and sextant |
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Where did Vasco da Gama reach 10 years after Bartolomeu Dias? |
Calicut - port on southwestern coast of India |
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When did Columbus sail to the New World? |
1492 - takes a matter of months before he reaches the New World |
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Where did Columbus think he reached when he got to the New World? |
The East Indies - scholars believe he landed on an island in the Caribbean |
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What did Columbus name this island? |
San Salvador or Holy Savior - for Spain |
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When Columbus returned to Spain what did Spanish monarchs agree to do? |
Fund 3 more trips |
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Where did the Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral travel to in 1500? |
Brazil |
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Where did Amerigo Vespucci travel to in 1501? |
Eastern Coast of South America - claimed it to be the "New World" (NOT Asia) |
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Who was America named after? |
Amerigo Vespucci |
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Who was the first explorer to cross the pacific ocean through the Panama? |
Vasco Nunez de Balboa (Spanish) |
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What did Ferdinand Magellan convince the King of Spain to do? |
Fund voyage into Pacific Ocean - he was killed in a battle when he stopped in Philippines but his crew traveled back to Spain |
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Why did so little people return from the New World? |
Starvation and disease |
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What did Franciso Pizarro conquer in South American in 1532? |
Incan Empire |
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What did the Spanish Explorers conquer by the middle of the 16th century? |
Conquered the Maya in Yucatan and Guatemala - by middle of 16 century they had created an American Empire |
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What techniques did Spanish use to conquer? |
Techniques from Reconquista in Spain |
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What is Encomienda? |
Natives would farm, ranch and mine for Spanish landlords - landlords promised to respect their workers but many abused them |
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What happened as a result of finding no sugar in South America? |
Began to grow sugar instead |
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How did the Spanish enrich their empire? |
Colonization in North and South America |
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When the Aztecs saw Cortes what were they convinced that he was? |
Convinced that Cortes was a god b/c he was wearing armor - gave him a share of gold |
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What happened in 1520 (Cortes)? |
Some of Cortes' men killed Aztec warrior and chiefs in a religious festival |
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What was the result of the killings of the Aztec warriors by Cortes?
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In June 1520 - Aztecs rebelled against Spanish intruders and drove out Cortes' forces - Spanish fought back although they were outnumbered |
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What did the Spanish bring with them that wiped out a good amount of Aztecs? |
Disease - had no immunity so they died quickly |
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What did Spanish Priests want to spread in America? |
Christianity |
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Why was the Encomienda System abolished? |
Priests did not like the harsh labor that was happening - disapproved of the way the Spanish used the Indians to get pearls |
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How did Spain become the most rich and powerful nation in the world? |
Colonies - gained colonies through military conquest |
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What did the Spanish navy often carry? |
Treasure-filled ships |
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Who led the missions to the U.S. from Spain? |
Juan Ponce de Leon in 1513 - also Francisco de Coronado did |
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What was Franciso able to find in the U.S.? |
Gold |
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What did Spanish Royals want as a result of being envious of the Portuguese trading posts? |
Wanted a direct sea route to Asia |
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Who did the Spanish send to find this route? |
Columbus - believes he is in the Indies when he is actually in America |
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What did Pope Alexander VI suggest to be drawn on the lands claimed by Portuguese and Spanish? |
Draw imaginary line through Atlantic Ocean |
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What was signed by the Spain and Portugal? What did it say? |
Treaty of Tordesillas - both countries agreed to honor the imaginary line |
