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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Renaissance mean? |
"re-birth" |
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Where did the Renaissance begin? Where does it spread? |
Northern Italy - spreads throughout Europe |
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Was Italy a nation? |
No |
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What is a city-state? What modern day country was made up of city-states during the Renaissance? |
City-state - ruled by wealthy families (made money in trade/banking) Northern Italy was made up of city-states |
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How do artists come out of the dark? |
Wealthy families have more money to buy paintings |
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What limits the European economy? |
Bubonic plague |
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Who are patrons? |
Individuals who pay artists (wealthy families) |
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Who are the Medici? |
Rulers of Florence |
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Where did the Medici gain their wealth? |
Banking industry |
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Who are Cosimo and Lorenzo? |
Power individuals of the Medici family - dictators - founders of their family |
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What was the goal of Renaissance artists? |
To make art as real as possible |
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What allow artists to occur? |
Disposable income so they can pay for art for themselves and the city of Florence |
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What happens to art in the Renaissance? |
Becomes more secular (worldly) |
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Who is Giotto? |
Early Renaissance artist |
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What is perspective? |
Arrangement of objects - used in order to achieve the allusion of 3 dimensions |
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Who is Leonardo da Vinci? |
One of the masters of the Renaissance - considered a Renaissance man |
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What did da Vinci study? |
Art and science |
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What is Da Vinci well known for in his art? |
Known for realism (realistic) |
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Who is Michelangelo? |
Primarily a sculptor - eccentric in his beliefs |
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Who is Donatello? |
A sculptor |
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Who is Rapheal? |
Perspective painter - shows humanism (human potential) |
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What is humanism? |
Human potential and achievement (an idea) - concept that humans can improve - biggest different in Renaissance |
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Why do more people become literate? |
Because literature is becoming increasingly popular |
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Why were people not interested in literature before? |
Only focused on their survival before |
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What was literature originally written in? What was it then changed to? |
Originally only in Greek and Latin - now in more languages that were common (romance languages) |
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What are vernaculars? Examples? |
Common language of the people - Italian, German, French, English etc. |
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What was helpful about writing in common language? |
Increased literacy - making reading more popular since they could read in their own language |
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Who were some popular Italian writers? |
Francesco Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolo Machiavelli |
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Who is Niccolo Machiavelli? |
Popular Italian writer |
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What does Machiavelli write about? |
His ideas of government - does so after working in the government |
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Who did Machiavelli work for before writing? Who was one of his books about? |
Working for Medici and Borgia's - book was about Borgia's |
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What is the famous book Machiavelli wrote? What does it say? |
The Prince - says government that is necessary is with leader who has absolute ruler (dictatorship) |
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Why did Machiavelli have strong strong beliefs in dictatorship? |
Responsibility of government in his opinion is to protect wealth and power of the specific land |
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Who was the patriarch of the Borgias? Why? |
A pope - because he has children |
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How do artistic ideas spread? |
Masters from Italy are recruited - DaVinci invited to France (brings new ideas with him) |
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Who were Albrecht Durert and Hans Holbein? |
Great painters from Germany who were influential in Northern Renaissance |
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What did Durert and Holbein create? |
The grid (for portraits) |
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Who are Jan van Eyck and Pieter Brueghel? |
Painters from Flanders who adopted new tools for art - influential in Northern Renaissance |
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Who is Desiderius Erasimus? |
Wrote Praise of Folly ("praising foolishness") - says shouldn't follow Church anymore/spreading humanism |
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What does Thomas More write about? |
Society ideas - book called Utopia ("perfect society") - a place where wealth and other big values aren't important anymore |
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Where is Thomas More from? Who is his famous friend? |
From England - friends with Henry VIII |
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Who is Elizabeth I |
Daughter of More - known for supporting and spreading culture |
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Who is William Shakespeare? |
Wrote great literature during the time of Elizabeth I - themes made him important even to this day (timeless ideas) |
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What is the Morcable Type Printing Press? |
Helped spread literature - created by Johann Gotenberg - helped spread Bible and other books faster |
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What does the printing press cause? |
Literacy to sky rocket (books are more widely available) |
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What is the Reformation? Who started it? |
Desire to change Christian religion - started with Matin Luther in Germany |
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What idea did people get from Luther's changes? |
Had most specific and legitimate reasons to change the Catholic church (can be argued this)
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How does the English Reformation begin? |
Changes for wrong reasons which are not legitimate - only because king wanted a male heir |
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Who is Henry VIII |
Devote Catholic (as well as his wife Catherine of Aragon) |
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How did Henry VIII gain the title of "Defender of Faith"? |
Spoke out about Martin Luther and his ideas against Catholics |
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Who is the child that Catherine and Henry have? What problem does this cause? |
It's a daughter named Mary I - problem because it is not a male heir therefore causing Henry to want a divorce |
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What is an anulement? |
Divorce saying that the marriage never happened - Pope wouldn't allow it for Henry |
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Who is Anne Boleyn? |
Henry's second wife (fell in love with her while still married to Catherine of Aragon) - believed would give a male heir |
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What is the job of the Reformation Parliament? |
Figure out way to separate England from Catholic authority and the Pope (since Henry can't get divorced) |
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What is the Act of Supremacy? Why was it created? |
Stated that Pope was no longer the head of the Christian Church (Henry VIII was) - did this because Pope wouldn't let Henry get divorced |
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Who is Elizabeth I? |
Only daughter of Henry and Anne - cause of the death of her mother as Henry accuses her of treason |
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Who is Jane Seymour? |
Third wife of Henry VIII - produces male heir named Edward VI |
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Who is the first to come to power after Henry dies? |
Edward VI - his rule doesn't go long so power soon goes to Mary I
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What is Mary I famous for? What is her nickname? |
Famous for making England Catholic again by forcing people to convert - giving her the nickname Bloody Mary |
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Who is Elizabeth I? What does Mary ask her to do? |
She comes into power after Mary - she is asked to keep England Catholic but she instead makes it protestant again |
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Who passes the 2nd Act of Supremacy? What does it state? |
Elizabeth I - states that whoever is monarch of England will be head of protestant English church of England |
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Who are regents? |
Ruler for Edward VI because he is too young to make decisions |
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Who is John Calvin? What does he create? |
He is a supporter of Luther who adds to Lutheranism to create Calvinism |
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What does Calvin change from Luther's ideas? |
Luther believed that God had already determined who was going to heaven and who was going to hell - Calvin changed there are ways to tell whether or not you were going to heaven |
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Who were elect people? |
Those who were chosen to go to heaven - they act like they were having a good life so people thought that they were going to heaven |
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Where does Calvin become the leader of? |
Zurich (theocracy) - Calvinism then begins to move |
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Who is John Knox? |
From Scottland - creates Presbyterianism (tweaks to Calvinism) |
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What is Anabaptist's major complaint about Catholics? |
They believed that you had to be baptized against as an adult when you choose your religion (belief) |
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What is the Counter Reformation? |
Also known as the Catholic Reformation - they way that the Catholic Church responded to the new denominations of the Catholic belief |
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Who are Jesuits? |
Reenergized people in Christian faith |
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What is the Council of Trent? |
Where Church finalized reaction of Church to Luther (response to Reformation) - Catholic religious order (where Luther was wrong or right and their own changes) |
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Who are the Bourbons? |
Created a long lasting monarchy in France (royal blood line) |
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Who is the founder of the Bourbon dynasty in France? |
Henry IV - who helped keep France a strong Catholic community although he was Calvinist |
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What religion does Henry IV convert from and to? |
From Hugelenot (Calvinist) to Catholic |
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What does the Edict of Nantes state? Who created it? |
Catholics must let protestants worship freely (no persecution) - created by Henry IV |
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Who is Cardinal Richellev/Mazarin? |
Helped Henry IV rule France - wants French king to have more power than he already did and for France to be most powerful country in Europe |
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How does Cardinal R/M achieve his goal? |
Weakens the nobles power and diminishes Hapsburgs (causing 30 Years War) |
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Who is the most power King of France? |
Louis XIV - also helped weaken the nobles - built city of Versailles |
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Who is John Baptiste Colbert? |
Created Mercantilism - concept to not give away wealth to anyone else (countries) |
