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177 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Aristocracy
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ruled by rich families
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autocracy
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government or control by one person who has complete power
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bureaucracy
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large group of people who do government workk
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Centralization
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system where one central group of people gives instructions to regional groups
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cultural diffusion
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borrowing by one culture of attractive elements from another culture
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dynasty
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succession of rulers from the same family
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justice
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the righteous act ( see Hammurabi's code)
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Monarchy
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government ruled by one ruler(king)
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Republic
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government led by elected officials
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social class system
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hierarchy ...like caste system
different people get different privileges because of their wealth or the type of family they belong to(pg 55) |
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Tribune
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roman officials who could veto the decisions of the consuls and the state
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Maurya Dynasty
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(321-185 BC) Chandragupta Maurya took over western India once conquered by Alexander the great
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Civilization
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a large group of cultures with a high degree of social and technological develeopment
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clergy
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official leaders of the religious activities of a particular group of belivers
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Chandragupta
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founder of Maurya civilization
(there was also a Chandragupta who founded the Gupta civilization) ruled fro 321-298BC used Persian government tactics to govern a vast territory : organized empire into small provinces |
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Romulus and Remus
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adopted sons of Mars ( god of war) raised by wolfs
saw 7 vultures flying 7 times around 7 hills and decided to establish the roman empire Romulus killed remus and started ROME |
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Nomads
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people who travel from one place to another rather than living in one place all the time
they didn't just wander though they followed a set path |
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Phoenicians
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seafaring merchants : created alphabet letter similar to that used today
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River Valley
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early civilizations formed near rivers; for agricultural resons
fertile soil etc |
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analects
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collections of Confucius' work
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egypt
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Located next to nile river
remember: pharoh nile hieroglyphics papyrus ka mummies |
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Chinese Civilization
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beside Huange He river
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mecca
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holiest Islam city where Muhammad was born
in Saudi Arabia all Muslims required to make pilgrimage there |
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Shang Dynasty
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the dynasty after Xia dynasty
pg 62 |
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Grand Canal
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during the tang dynasty ; emperor sui built the grand canal that connected the Huang he to the Huai and the Yangtze rivers; improved communications
pg 163 |
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Yellow River (aka Huang He)
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located on China where Chinese Civilization was developed (pg 59)
had yellow soil ( very fertile) |
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Papyrus
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Egyptian made paper from papyrus plants
wrote on then in hieroglyphics |
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Cuneiform
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Sperian writing system
used wedge shaped marks in clay tablets using sticks had over 700 symbols first writing system |
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Confucius
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aka Kong Fuzi
pretty cool dude philosopher |
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Confucianism
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Philosophy based on teachings of Confucius
no worship of gods or after life R-E-S-P-E-C-T |
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Dynasty Cycle
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THE NEW DYNASTY
growth prosperity THE AGING DYNASTY period of decline THE PROBLEMS corruption ineffective rulers disease natural disasters period of turmoil fighting ova powerrr |
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WI Di
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martial emperor
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Five Key Rleationship
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from Confucius' " analects"
1)respect w/ teachers and students 2)respect between brothas and sistas 3)respect towards elders 4)respect to parents 5)respect w/ ruler and people 6)respect ali g and aritha franklin |
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Golden age
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greece rome and india had period of intellectual super stardom
600 bc -500ad |
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Zhou dynasty
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established after rebellion against the shang dynasty by declaring that the shang ruler was beat and thus couldnt rule
originated the concept of mandate o' heaven pg 83 |
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Chandragupta II
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the 3rd gupta emperor
won control of the trade with the iddle east and china |
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Jerusalem
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where Jesus was born
jewish city of worship |
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Great Wall
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during Qin dynasty
shi huangdi ordered to build the great wall to keep out huns and Mongols and people from Lawrenceville over 1500 miles long |
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Theodora
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wife of Justinian who supported him
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Laozi
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a philosepher who lived at same time as confucious
taoism is the following of his teachings |
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Mandate of Heaven
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that you can replace rulers that are unfit to rule
authority given by heaven to rule |
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Han dynasty
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after death of Qin emperor Liu Bang established the Han dynasty (122)
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Shi huangdi
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the first emperor of the Qin d
governed by principals of legalism |
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Silk road
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famous trade route that connects rome to the east
spread cultures |
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Hannibal
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Carthangian leader who lead punic war
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Gupta dynasty
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Magadha Chandragupta unitnes india again and forms sweet empire
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Whu Zhao aka empress wu
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onlyh female monarch of china
most remarkable influential and mysterious woman in chinese history took over when Kao Tsung got sick tang dynasty |
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Alexander the great
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son of king of macedonia Philip II and student of aristotel
conquered persia egypt greece and syria dies at 33 |
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Archimedes
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created Catapult ...grappling device....pully and principal of specific gravity during the golden age of greece
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Aristotle
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looked at stars
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Athens
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one of the greek city-states which had the most power and influence .it also has been known for creating the first democracy
the city was the base for the cultural achievements of greece |
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Patriach
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man who exercised autheraty as a " pater failias" over an extended family. The system of such rules of families by seniro males is called a patriarchy
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Democracy
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Government that the citizens participate in and vote
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Direct democracy
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see democracy
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Euclid
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greek mathematician who contributed in geometry. His famous works include "elements"
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Draco
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Cruel leader of athens who made harsh laws
DRACIONIAN |
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Hippocrates
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famous greek doctor who developed medicines and organized diseases . He is also famous for the oath that docs have to take saying they will treat patients w/ best care
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Delian league
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greek city-states in an alliance to protect and defeat the persians
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Herodotus
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father of history in greece
tried to record history without bias |
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Homer
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storyteller
oral stories because of no written history ancient greece |
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Vladimir
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grandson of Princess olga who converted russian religion to eastern orhodox
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I-Ching
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book of change
chinese used it future telling device |
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Alexandria
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VIP city in egypt
when Alexander da great conquered egypt he named this city alexandria and developed this city in to Hellenistic culture ( Hellenistic culture+ persian + greek) |
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Tyranny
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type of government in which some aristocrats rule
in ancient greece tyrants were aristocrats who had gained power by getting the support of the poor people bye gicing then land and freeing them from slavery |
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Triumvirate
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three people ruling together
first triumvirate=julius ceasar Crassus and Pompey |
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Gracchus Brothers
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(Tiberius and Gaius )
tribunes in tome who spoke againts the patricians. They harshly criticized the riches; therefore the patricians murdered them |
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Pope Leo I
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roman aristocrat who was Pope fro 400-461
he is the first pope to whom the title "the great " has been attached . He convinced Attila the hun to not attack rome |
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Greece
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a contry in south-easter Europe situated on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula
place where greek civilization flourished |
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Great Schism
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in 1054 Christianity split into 2 religions -eastern Orthodox and Catholicism
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Bread and Circus
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Bread and circuses is a phrase which can describe either government policies to pacify the citizens. roman emperor gave unlimited bread and entertained to prevent revolts
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Peloponnesia
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one of the regions in Greece where sparta had control
this region eventually leads to the peloponnesian league led by sparta. The peloponnesian war is the war between Peloponnesian league and another Athenian league |
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Pompey
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one one of the members of the 1st triumvirate. Distinguished military and political leader of the late roman republic. Pompey was defeated by his rival Julius Ceasar and runs to egypt but gets shot anyway
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Pericles
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prominent and influential statesman..orator and genera of athens in the city's golden age
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Plato
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he was a philosopher and student of Socrates
he wrote the book " republic" which he said was the idea form of gov . He also established the academy which lasted for 900 years |
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Polis
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city-states
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Persian wars
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the wars beween greece and persia . Greece won the battle of Thermopylae and Salamis by using brains.
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Punic Wars
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war between Phoenician city of Carthage and Rome . ROme wanted to invade Sicily(trading center)
1st punic war- rome won by conquering sicily 2nd -Hannibal crosses alps and attacks rome but roman general attacked Carthage so Hannible had to return to Carthage 3rd-Rome attacked Carthage again and conquered it |
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Socrates
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greek philospher who questioned the values and behaviors of people
he was sentenced to death for "corrupting" athenians |
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Diocletian
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roman emperor; he restricted the freedom of most people; doubled size of army;divided empire into east and west
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Sparta
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one of the city-states in Greece which had the most important military power.
Culture wasn't as developed as greece Spartans loved war and fighting |
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Helot
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spartan slave states
non-citizens who worked industries such as agriculture |
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Totalitarian
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of or relating to centralizedd contol by an autocratic leader or hierarchy
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Venetians
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people from venice; great merchants
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Haiga Sophia
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great church of byzantine empire
turned into mosque by muslims |
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Sanskrit
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indian writing
known for the holy writing in Buddhism and HInduism |
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Octavian
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grandnephew of Jusius Caesar
formed 2nd triumvirate with lepidus and Marc Antony he defeats both of them and becomes first roman emperor named himself agustus |
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Asoka
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Buddhist king who converted his people into Buddhism
son of Chandgragupta |
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Augustus Caesar
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Last Roman emperor ( and first) 16 years old when he became the emperor
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Icon
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religion figures in the church
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Iconoclast
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person who goes against traditional values or beliefs
came from "icon breakers' the eastern orthadox church didnt belive in icons of anykind |
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Christianity
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religion of the teachings of Jesus
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Constantine
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Established the edict of Milan and converted Rome to Christianity on his deathbed
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Fall of Rome
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when rome fell
for various reasons (military peoles faith etc 476 AD |
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Constantinople
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Capital of Byzantine Empire
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Julius Caesar
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military genius
extended roman empire waaay alot centralized roman bureaucracy killed by BFF |
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Patricians
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the wealthy landowners that organized rebellion and created new government and brought benefits to themselves
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Pax Romana
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200 year period when under augustus the roman empire was in peace security and had lots of cultural accomplishments
"roman peace" |
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Plebians
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a person from a lower roman social class
made up 90% of the population they were soldiers and farmers |
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Excomunication
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being kicked out of a religion
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Senate
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senate had most power
appointed members of teh senate for life terms in rome |
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Twelve Tables
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Plebians ordered that the laws should be made publicly known
written on 12 bronze tablets in 450 BC |
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Animisn
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belief that all things have anima(or spirit)
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Monotheism
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belief in 1 god
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Polytheism
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belief in more than one god
(most eastern religions) |
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Buddhism
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grew out of hindusim and the teachings of siddhartha
people believe in reincarnation belive people can be set free of suffering by following 8 fold path |
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Daoism
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Lao-tzu was founder
achiving inner peace values-be humble and kind dont try to change what happens to you |
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Eightfold Path
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1)intention to resist evil
2)Knowledge of truth 3)respect for life morality and property 4)Holding a job that doesnt injure others 5)working to free one's mind of evil 6)controlling one's feelings and thoughts 7)Saying nothing to hurt others 8)practicing proper forms of concentration |
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Enlightenment
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Sate of finding knowledge and nirvana
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Jesus Christ
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Born in Bethlehem in Israel
when he was young he lived in Nazreth and worked as a carpenter preached to poor and weak |
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Bible
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recording of Jesus' teachings
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Apostles
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the 12 followers of Jesus Christ
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Siddhartha Gautama
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founded Buddhism
was originally rich but then became a wanderer |
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Nirvana
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when your soul merges with the universe (sought in Buddhism)
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New Testament
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contains Jesus' teachings and lessons
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Pope
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dudes that lead roman catholic church
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Aryans
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aryans invaded Gupta empire
introduced caste system |
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Caste System
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devides people into 4 groups
-Brahmin-priestly -Kshatriyas-rulers &warriors -Vaisyas-merhcants and professionals -Sudras- workers and servants untouchables-3rd formers ewwwww |
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Dharma
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the form in which a person is reincarnated is based on the kind of life he/she has lived
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Hinduism
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-reincarnation
-belived in thousands of gods(shiva..Vishnu...Brahma..etc0 |
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Karma
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the balance of good and evil that determines the fate of a soul
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Moksha
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final release from one's wordly conception of self
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Reincarnation
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No one truly dies and people are born into new bodies
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Untouchables
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grouping outside of caste syste
did jobs other people were forbidden to do (tanning leather and collecting garbage) |
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Allah
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God in Islam
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Five pillars
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islamic rules to live by
1) pray 5 times a day 2)accept Allah as the only god and Muhammad as the Prophet 3)Fast during Ramadan 4)give $$$ to poor 5)make journy to holy city of mecca 6)dont drink or eak pork |
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Hijra
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journey that Muhammad made from mecca to medina
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Islam
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Muslim religion lead by Muhammad
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Jihad
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struggle
anywhere fro inward spiritual stuggle to political or military struggle |
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Koran (Qu'ran)
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the islam equivalent to the Bible
sets ideas about justice and good in islamic culture |
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Muhammad
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The prophet of islam
taught 5 pillars |
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Muslim
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the followers of islam and Muhammad
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Ramadan
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Muslims fast during the daylight hours for a month
holy celibration |
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Abraham
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in Bible brought people to Cannaan and named it Israel
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Covenant
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G-d's promise to humans
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Diaspora
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the period when the Babylonians exiled the Jews from Israel
refers to the scattering of migration of people |
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Judasim
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religion
became foundation of Christianity and had strong influence on islam |
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Moses
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freed jews from slavery in egypt
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Old Testament
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Part of Bible Jesus is not in
divided into catagories of law..history...poetry...wisdom..and prophecy |
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Sunna
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teachings of Muhammad
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10 Commandments
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G-d established these 10 laws for Christians to keep the community harmonious
covered general stuff like dont steal kill people worship false idols |
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Torah
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important Jewish Text
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Bubonic Plague
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Spanish influenza that had great impact of Byzantine empire 'cause lots of people died
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Sunni
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Sunnies belived that caliph did not have to be Muhammad'd descendant
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Catholic Church
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occupies in the western part of Byzantine empire and supports icons
rulled by pope talia dutcher |
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Shi'ite
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opposed to the Umayyed Dynasty
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Sufi
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Sufism is a mystic tradion of islam that encompasses a divers range of beliefs and practices dedicated to Allah
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Crusade
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fight where Christians tried to convert people(mostly muslims) by killing them
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Czar
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king
means Caeser in slavic languagw |
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Germanic Invasions
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lead to fall of Roman empire
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Emperor Leo III
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burned all the icons and images of Christianity
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Battle of Tours
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Germanic Franks forced Arabs back to spain
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HOly Roman Empire
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prosperd for a long time and mad e lots of cultural advancements
not really sure what they actually did |
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serfs
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peasents
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Caliph
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means successor
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Sati
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tradition in which wives commit suicide in their husband funeral pyre
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Yarolsav the wise
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made trade alliances...created legal code and made first library in Russia
also made lots of churches |
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Thithes
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Voluntary taxes
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Abbassid Dynasty
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abbassid family is decended form Abba (and uncle of Muhammad ) and they claimed the office of caliph
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Primacy
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Ambrose(the bishop of Milan) disagreed with emperor Theodosius on the issue of primacy
-church leaders are above kings because they are responsible for saving souls of everyone |
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Umayyed Dynasty
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Muslim governor of Syria rebelled and established the umayyad dynasty
-capital=Damascus -Umayyed rulers led the muslim world until 750 AD |
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Vikings
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people from Scandinavian countries in Europe
hope kauffman invaded places specialized in raping pillaging and plundering |
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Patriarch
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lead the eastern orthadox church
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shari'a
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government book from the ulemas
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Ottoman Turk
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led the fall of the byzantine empire
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Byzantine empire
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-capital is Constantinople
-Christianity= main religion -greek is official language |
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Kiev
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capital of Russia
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Eastern Orthodox Church
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dont use images or icons
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Justinian
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succeeds in byzantine empire
conquered lots and lots of territory |
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Ghengis Khan
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stated that russians can practice their own religion
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Cryllic Alphabet
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two missionaries traveled to slavics in 860
Cyrill and Methodius made this alphabet russians Bulgarians and Serbs still use this alphabet -alphabet adopted by moravians |
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Reconquista
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under the Castillian kings the Reconquista ( or reconquest) of the Iberian Peninsula became a religious crusade
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Moors
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another name for muslims
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Russia
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furry hats
vodka located in northern asia |
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Charles Martel
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led franks during the battle of tours
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Slavs
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developed in Ural Mountains
i dont know much about them |
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Boyars
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Russian nobles
-also people from boyertown???? |
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Huns
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hearders who occupied the lands of north china
warlike nomads famous for shooting arrows and riding at same time Huns got revenge of Chinese who took over the hun's pasture land by raiding chinese cites |