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79 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what were napoleons three costly mistakes?
1. the continental system
2. the peninsular war
3. scorched earth policy
What were the results of Napoleon's three costly mistakes?
1. continental system weakened the economy of france more than britain
2. peninsular war had losses that weakened french empire and the germans and italians turned against the french
3. scorched earth policy starved his troops to death
What were Metternich's three goals at the congress of vienna
1. prevent future french aggression by surrounding it with stronger countries
2. restore a balance of order
3. restore Europe's royal families to power
Following the congress of vienna what political changes extended beyond vienna?
many countries gained independence and new countries were formed
what were three results of the continental system
1. british responded with its own blockade
2. US declared war on britain
3. weakened french economy
peninsulares
colonists who were born in spain
creoles
colonists born in latin america to spanish parents
Jose de san martin
another great general - different from bolivar - simple, modest, but displayed great courage in battle, believed in strict military disipline
Miquel Hidalgo
a priest in delores who was poor but well educated. he believed in the enlightenment idea and lead the "cry of delores" [the peoples rebellion against spain]
nation-state
an independent nation of people having a common culture and identidy
realpolitik
"the politics of reality" - the practice of tough power plitics without the room for idealism
Simon Bolivar
a wealthy venezuelan creole called liberator who was both romantic and practical
red shirts
the followers of the 19th century italian nationalist leader Guiseppe garibaldi
the balkans
the region of south east europe
Guiseppe garibaldi
19th century italian nationalist who lead the red shirts
kaiser
a german emperor
racism
the belief that one race is superior to others
social darwinism
the applications of charles darwins ideas about evolution and survival of the fittest to human societies particularly as justification for imperialist expansion
berlin conference
a meeting at which representatices of earopean nations agreed upon rules for the europeal colonization of africa
shaka
high disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large controlled state
boer
"farmers" dutch settlers who took over african land and established large farms
Great trek
boers move north to escape british and end up battling zulus and african groups whose land they were taking
boer war
a conflict in which the boers and the british fought for control of territory in south africa
pacific rim
the lands surrounding the pacific ocean specifically in asia
king mongut
a siamese king who modernized his land and prevented the british and french from taking over
emilio aguinaldo
leader of the filipino nationalists who claimed that the us had promised immediate independence and after the spanish american war
annexation
the adding of a nation to an existing political unit
Queen liliuokalani
the only hawaiin queen and last hawaiin monarch. she refused to sign a bill giving commercial rights to business men. she was taken out of power because of it. she worked with the group oni pa'a a group fighting against the annexation of hawaii
the schliefen plan
a plan that general schlieffen would race to defeat france on the western front and then attach russia on the eastern front. speed was the crucial element of the plan to finish up with france before russia mobilized
central powers
in ww1 the nations of germany and austria-hugary along with the other nations that fought on their side
allies
in ww1 the nations of great britain france and russia along with the other nations that fought on their side; also the group of nations that opposed the axis powers in ww2
western front
in ww1 the region of north france where the forces of allies and the central powers battled each other
trench warfare
a form of warfare in which opposing armies fight eachother from trenches dug in the battlefield
eastern front
in ww1 the region along the german russian border where russians and serbs battled germans austrians and turks
unrestricted submarine warfare
the use of submarines to sink without warning anyship found in an enemy's waters
total war
a conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort
rationing
the limiting of the amount of goods people can buy- often imposed by government during wartime when goods are in short supply
propaganda
infromation or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponent's cause
armistice
an agreement to stop fighting
war declaration: germany on russia
russia had a standing army and germany was threatened by it
war declaration: germany on france
to quietly eliminate threat on the western front
war declaration: britain on germany
the unprovoked invasion of belgium
three reasons why us entered the war
1. unrestricted submarine warfare
2. the zimmerman letter to mexico
3. lucitania sunk
how did the concept of total war effect the nations' economies
almost all factories were made into munition factories, unemployment disappeared, almost every able body was put to work
significance of the battle of marne
it stopped germany's expansion into fance and proved that germany could have a quick and easy victory
totalitarianism
government control over every aspect of public and private life
command economy
an economic system in which the government makes all economic decisions
collective farm
a large government owned farm made by combining many small farms
kulak
a member of a class of wealthy russian peasants
great purge
a campaign of terror in the soviet union during the 30s in which joseph stalin sought to eliminate all communist party members and other citizens who threatened his power
socialist realism
a style of art in which communist calues and life under communism are glorified
kuomintang
the chinese nationalist party formed after the fall of the qing dynasty
sun yixian
the nationalist party's first great leader- his group [the revolutionary alliance] overthrew the qing dynasty
mao zedong
the great helmsman - a student protester at the may forth movement who would later become china's greatest revolutionary leader. he followeed marx's beliefs and saw the soviet union as a model for economic reform and political change
may fourth movement
a nationalist protest in china in 1919 in which people demonstrated against the treaty of versailles and foreign interference
long march
a 6000 mile long journey made by chinese communists fleeing from jian jieshi's nationalistic forces
gandi
"great soul" - the leader of the independence movement in india - promoter of civil disobedience to weaken the economic power and authorit of the british government with the ain of achieving independence
civil disobedience
a deliberate and public refusal to obey a law considered unjust
mustafa kemal
a brilliant commander who led the turkish nationalist in overthrowing the ottoman sultan. he became the president of the new republic of turkey and was responsible for making turky and modern nation
coalition government
a government controlled by a temporary alliance of several political parties
weimar republic
the republic that was established in germany
great depression
the severe economic slump that followed the collapse of the us stock market in 1929
F.D. Roosevelt
elected president after the depression who was optimistic and sought to restore americans faith in their country
new deal
us president roosevelt economic reform program designed to solve the problems created by the great depression
kellogg-briand peace pact
a peace pact to renounce war as an instrument of public policy. didnt work well because it had no means of enforcement
two reasons for the stock market crash
1. uneven distribution of wealth
2. over production by businesses
five characteristics of totalitarianistic regime
dictatorship
ideology
organized violence
dynamic leaders
state control
mussolini
promised to rebuild the economy, founded the fascist party and abolished democracy and all other political parties
hitler
inspired by mussolini, wrote mein kampf, quickly moved to power and turned germany into a totalitarian state and created naziism
nazism
the fascist policies of the national socialist german workers party based on totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry
charles de gaulle
the french military general that fled to london after hitler captured france and went on to organize the free french military that fought against the nazi's until france was liberated
winston churchill
the new british prime minister who cowed that britain would never surrender. an encouraging presence during the london "blitz" bombings
lend lease act
the president could lend or lease aid or supplies to any country vital to the US
pearl harbor
japan bombs american naval base in hawaii
dday
the day on which the allies began their incasion of the european mainland during ww2
battle of the bulge
battle in which the allied forces turned back the last major german offensice of ww2
Alexander II
russian czar who moved russia towards modernization and social change
otto van bismark
a leader who made germany a great nation, but through harsh means
camillo di cavour
prime minister of sardinia who expanded the nation successfully