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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what were napoleons three costly mistakes?
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1. the continental system
2. the peninsular war 3. scorched earth policy |
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What were the results of Napoleon's three costly mistakes?
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1. continental system weakened the economy of france more than britain
2. peninsular war had losses that weakened french empire and the germans and italians turned against the french 3. scorched earth policy starved his troops to death |
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What were Metternich's three goals at the congress of vienna
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1. prevent future french aggression by surrounding it with stronger countries
2. restore a balance of order 3. restore Europe's royal families to power |
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Following the congress of vienna what political changes extended beyond vienna?
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many countries gained independence and new countries were formed
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what were three results of the continental system
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1. british responded with its own blockade
2. US declared war on britain 3. weakened french economy |
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peninsulares
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colonists who were born in spain
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creoles
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colonists born in latin america to spanish parents
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Jose de san martin
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another great general - different from bolivar - simple, modest, but displayed great courage in battle, believed in strict military disipline
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Miquel Hidalgo
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a priest in delores who was poor but well educated. he believed in the enlightenment idea and lead the "cry of delores" [the peoples rebellion against spain]
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nation-state
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an independent nation of people having a common culture and identidy
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realpolitik
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"the politics of reality" - the practice of tough power plitics without the room for idealism
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Simon Bolivar
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a wealthy venezuelan creole called liberator who was both romantic and practical
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red shirts
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the followers of the 19th century italian nationalist leader Guiseppe garibaldi
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the balkans
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the region of south east europe
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Guiseppe garibaldi
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19th century italian nationalist who lead the red shirts
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kaiser
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a german emperor
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racism
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the belief that one race is superior to others
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social darwinism
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the applications of charles darwins ideas about evolution and survival of the fittest to human societies particularly as justification for imperialist expansion
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berlin conference
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a meeting at which representatices of earopean nations agreed upon rules for the europeal colonization of africa
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shaka
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high disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large controlled state
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boer
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"farmers" dutch settlers who took over african land and established large farms
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Great trek
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boers move north to escape british and end up battling zulus and african groups whose land they were taking
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boer war
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a conflict in which the boers and the british fought for control of territory in south africa
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pacific rim
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the lands surrounding the pacific ocean specifically in asia
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king mongut
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a siamese king who modernized his land and prevented the british and french from taking over
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emilio aguinaldo
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leader of the filipino nationalists who claimed that the us had promised immediate independence and after the spanish american war
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annexation
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the adding of a nation to an existing political unit
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Queen liliuokalani
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the only hawaiin queen and last hawaiin monarch. she refused to sign a bill giving commercial rights to business men. she was taken out of power because of it. she worked with the group oni pa'a a group fighting against the annexation of hawaii
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the schliefen plan
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a plan that general schlieffen would race to defeat france on the western front and then attach russia on the eastern front. speed was the crucial element of the plan to finish up with france before russia mobilized
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central powers
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in ww1 the nations of germany and austria-hugary along with the other nations that fought on their side
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allies
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in ww1 the nations of great britain france and russia along with the other nations that fought on their side; also the group of nations that opposed the axis powers in ww2
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western front
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in ww1 the region of north france where the forces of allies and the central powers battled each other
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trench warfare
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a form of warfare in which opposing armies fight eachother from trenches dug in the battlefield
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eastern front
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in ww1 the region along the german russian border where russians and serbs battled germans austrians and turks
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unrestricted submarine warfare
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the use of submarines to sink without warning anyship found in an enemy's waters
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total war
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a conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort
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rationing
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the limiting of the amount of goods people can buy- often imposed by government during wartime when goods are in short supply
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propaganda
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infromation or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponent's cause
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armistice
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an agreement to stop fighting
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war declaration: germany on russia
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russia had a standing army and germany was threatened by it
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war declaration: germany on france
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to quietly eliminate threat on the western front
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war declaration: britain on germany
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the unprovoked invasion of belgium
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three reasons why us entered the war
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1. unrestricted submarine warfare
2. the zimmerman letter to mexico 3. lucitania sunk |
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how did the concept of total war effect the nations' economies
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almost all factories were made into munition factories, unemployment disappeared, almost every able body was put to work
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significance of the battle of marne
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it stopped germany's expansion into fance and proved that germany could have a quick and easy victory
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totalitarianism
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government control over every aspect of public and private life
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command economy
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an economic system in which the government makes all economic decisions
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collective farm
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a large government owned farm made by combining many small farms
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kulak
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a member of a class of wealthy russian peasants
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great purge
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a campaign of terror in the soviet union during the 30s in which joseph stalin sought to eliminate all communist party members and other citizens who threatened his power
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socialist realism
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a style of art in which communist calues and life under communism are glorified
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kuomintang
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the chinese nationalist party formed after the fall of the qing dynasty
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sun yixian
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the nationalist party's first great leader- his group [the revolutionary alliance] overthrew the qing dynasty
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mao zedong
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the great helmsman - a student protester at the may forth movement who would later become china's greatest revolutionary leader. he followeed marx's beliefs and saw the soviet union as a model for economic reform and political change
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may fourth movement
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a nationalist protest in china in 1919 in which people demonstrated against the treaty of versailles and foreign interference
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long march
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a 6000 mile long journey made by chinese communists fleeing from jian jieshi's nationalistic forces
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gandi
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"great soul" - the leader of the independence movement in india - promoter of civil disobedience to weaken the economic power and authorit of the british government with the ain of achieving independence
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civil disobedience
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a deliberate and public refusal to obey a law considered unjust
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mustafa kemal
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a brilliant commander who led the turkish nationalist in overthrowing the ottoman sultan. he became the president of the new republic of turkey and was responsible for making turky and modern nation
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coalition government
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a government controlled by a temporary alliance of several political parties
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weimar republic
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the republic that was established in germany
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great depression
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the severe economic slump that followed the collapse of the us stock market in 1929
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F.D. Roosevelt
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elected president after the depression who was optimistic and sought to restore americans faith in their country
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new deal
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us president roosevelt economic reform program designed to solve the problems created by the great depression
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kellogg-briand peace pact
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a peace pact to renounce war as an instrument of public policy. didnt work well because it had no means of enforcement
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two reasons for the stock market crash
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1. uneven distribution of wealth
2. over production by businesses |
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five characteristics of totalitarianistic regime
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dictatorship
ideology organized violence dynamic leaders state control |
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mussolini
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promised to rebuild the economy, founded the fascist party and abolished democracy and all other political parties
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hitler
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inspired by mussolini, wrote mein kampf, quickly moved to power and turned germany into a totalitarian state and created naziism
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nazism
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the fascist policies of the national socialist german workers party based on totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry
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charles de gaulle
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the french military general that fled to london after hitler captured france and went on to organize the free french military that fought against the nazi's until france was liberated
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winston churchill
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the new british prime minister who cowed that britain would never surrender. an encouraging presence during the london "blitz" bombings
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lend lease act
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the president could lend or lease aid or supplies to any country vital to the US
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pearl harbor
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japan bombs american naval base in hawaii
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dday
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the day on which the allies began their incasion of the european mainland during ww2
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battle of the bulge
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battle in which the allied forces turned back the last major german offensice of ww2
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Alexander II
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russian czar who moved russia towards modernization and social change
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otto van bismark
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a leader who made germany a great nation, but through harsh means
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camillo di cavour
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prime minister of sardinia who expanded the nation successfully
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