Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Christine de Pizan is best known for what?
|
works written in defense of woman(the book of the city of ladies)
|
|
|
What was the first protestant faith?
|
Luteranism
|
|
|
Who founded the society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits?
|
Ignatius of Loyola(Spanish nobleman)
|
|
|
Why did parents in Renaissance Italy carefully arrange marriages?
|
to strengthen business or family ties
|
|
|
Why is Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales so important?
|
his beauty of expression and clear, forceful language was important in making his dialect the chief ancestor of the modern English language
|
|
|
What movement had a profound effect on education?
|
humanist movement
|
|
|
Who was the best known of all Christian humanists?
|
Desiderius Erasmus
|
|
|
The final decrees of the Council of Trent where what?
|
reaffirmed traditional catholic teachings in opposition to protestant beliefs
|
|
|
Vasco da Gama's discovery of a route to India proved to be what?
|
to be profit of several thousand (success) from the cargo of spices he took
|
|
|
Who went to his grave believing he had discovered a westward passage to Asia, when in fact he actually discovered the Americas?
|
Christopher Columbus
|
|
|
What became the dominant religion on the southeast Asia mainland from 1500-1800?
|
Buddhism
|
|
|
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?
|
said the line of demarcation would extend from north to south through the Atlantic ocean and the south American continent. (portgual east, spain west)
|
|
|
Why were European rulers and merchants determined to gain control of the islands of Southeast Asia?
|
It was the center of the spice trade and wanted control of it
|
|
|
What explorer reached the Americas in 1492?
|
Christopher Columbus
|
|
|
When did the first African slaves make their journey to the Americas?
|
in 1518
|
|
|
Where did the English establish a permanent settlement in America in the 1500's?
|
Jamestown
|
|
|
The house of what ruled the southern French kingdom of Navarre?
|
House of Bourbon
|
|
|
Phillip II of Spain was known as the what?
|
Most catholic king
son and heir of Charles V greatest supporter of militant Catholicism in the second half of the sixteenth century Sun king |
|
|
What is the divine rights of kings?
|
that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to god
|
|
|
What is absolutism?
|
A political system in which a ruler holds total power
|
|
|
The style of painting known as what is known for its use of dramatic effects to arouse the emotions?
|
baroque
|
|
|
The thirty years involved all major European powers except which nation?
|
Great Britain(England)
|
|
|
What was the glorious revolution?
|
When a group of English nobleman asked William of orange and his wife to invade England and with almost no bloodshed England had undergone a "Glorious Revolution"
|
|
|
Cardinal Richelieu strengthened the power of the monarch by doing what?
|
Took away the Huguenots political and military rights while preserving their religious rights.
Tamed the nobles by setting up a network of spies to uncover plots by nobles against the goverenment |
|
|
The ideas of who can be found in the American Declaration of independence and the United States constitution?
|
John Locke
|
|
|
Who was the first to argue that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe?
|
Nicholas Copernicus
|
|
|
Jean-Jacques Social contract
|
an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will and individuals who wish to instead follow their own self-interests must be forced to abide by the general will
published in 1762 |
|
|
What happened as a result of the 1763 Treaty of Paris?
|
The French withdrew and left India to the British
|
|
|
What was the first country to grant diplomatic recognition to the new American state?
|
France
|
|
|
The constitutional convention began as what?
|
a meeting to revise the articles of confederation
|
|
|
Ptolemaic system
|
a system in which the earth is at the center of the universe(geocentric)
the universe is a series of concentric spheres ( spheres in side each other) |
|
|
What was Montesquieu's most lasting contribution to political thought?
|
his analysis of the system of checks and balances through separation of powers
|
|
|
What was America's first constitution called?
|
Articles of Confederation
|
|
|
What did the Treaty of Paris in 1783 do?
|
recognized the independence of the American colonies and granted the Americans control of the western territory from the Appalachians to the Mississippi river
|
|
|
What was the tennis court oath?
|
an oath in which the deputies of the third estate moved to a nearby indoor tennis court and swore they would continue to meet until they had produced a French constitution
|
|
|
What were the 2 reasons Napoleon's Empire collapsed?
|
The survival of England
the force of nationalism |
|
|
What was the declaration of the rights of man?
|
proclaimed freedom and equal rights for all men, access to public office based on talent, and an end to exemptions from taxation
all citizens were to have the right to take part in the making of laws. Freedom of speech and the press were affirmed |
|
|
What was the difference between the Girondins and the Mountains?
|
Girondins leaned toward keeping the king alive
Mountains wanted the king to be killed(executed) |
|
|
Where did the Duke of Wellington defeat Napoleon?
|
Waterloo in Belgium
|
|
|
The production of what was one of the first industries to be affected by the Industrial Revolution?
|
Cotton
|
|
|
Prince Kelmens Von Metternich
|
Leader of the congress of Vienna
Austrian foreign prime minster was guided at Vienna by the principle of legitimacy That meant that lawful monarchs from the royal families that had ruled before Napoleon would be restored to their positions of power in order to keep peace and stability in Europe |
|
|
What emphasized feelings and imagination as sources of knowing?
|
Romantics
|
|
|
To Darwin what was the central to organic evolution?
|
That each kind of plant and animal had evolved over a long period of time from earlier and simpler forms of life
|
|
|
Who developed a steam engine that could drive machinery?
|
James Watt
|
|
|
What did the pitiful conditions created by the industrial revolution give rise to?
|
to a movement known as socialism
|
|
|
What was the literary and visual arts movement that rejected romanticism?
|
Realism
|
|
|
In the 2nd industrial revolution, what led the way to new industrial frontiers?
|
steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum
|
|
|
According to Karl Marx the what or working class, was oppressed by the middle class?
|
proletariat
|
|
|
The alliance between Great Britain, Russia, and France was known as what ?
|
Triple Entente
|
|
|
Einstein's theory of relativity
|
Stated that space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer
neither space nor time has an existence independent of human experience time and space disappear together with the things |
|
|
What did the internal-combustion engine give rise to?
|
ocean liners with oil-fired engines, as well as to the air plane and the automobile
|
|
|
Who were the Marxists who rejected the revolutionary approach in favor of a more political approach?
|
revisionists
|
|
|
In the early 1900's how much of the European population belonged to the working class?
|
80 percent
|
|
|
What did Emmeline Pankhurst found?
|
the woman's social and political union
|
|
|
According to Sigmund freud, human behavior was what?
|
was strongly determined by past experiences and internal forces of which people were largely unaware
|
|
|
Who was a postimpressionist painter for whom art was a spiritual experience?
|
Vincent Van Gogh
|
|
|
By seizing control of Mexico from Porfirio Diaz, Franciso Modero did what?
|
opened the door to a wider revolution
|
|
|
What was the "white man's burden"
|
that Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive people
|
|
|
The Boers were descendants of whom?
|
the original Dutch settlers
|
|
|
In 1857 a growing Indian distrust of the British led to what?
|
a revolt
the revolt was known to the British as the Great Rebellion or the Sepoy Mutiny |
|
|
Who sailed around the Cape of Good Hope to India?
|
Vasco da Gama
|
|
|
Who discovered the Americas?
|
Christopher Columbus
|
|
|
What was the pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas
|
triangular trade
|
|
|
African slaves supplied labor for what?
|
sugar cane plantations
|
|
|
Who formed the East India Company and the West India company?
|
Dutch
|
|
|
Italy was mostly a what?
|
urban society
|
|
|
What was an age of recovery from the disasters of the 14th century
|
Renaissance
|
|
|
What emerged s people in the Italian renaissance began to emphasize individual ability?
|
a new view of human beings
|
|
|
renaissance
|
means rebirth
|
|
|
People who lived in Italy between 1350-1550 believed that they had witnessed what?
|
a rebirth of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds
|
|
|
a period of European history that began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe?
|
renaissance or Italian renaissance
|
|
|
Venice has a republic with an elected leader called what?
|
Doge
|
|
|
Doge
|
meant that it was a small group of merchants and aristocrats, who had become wealthy through their trading activities, ran the government of Venice on behalf of their own interset
|
|
|
Who wrote the book the Prince?
|
Niccolo Machiavelil
|
|
|
What is one of the most influential works on political power in the western world?
|
The prince
|
|
|
Whose central thesis in the prince concerns how to acquire-and keep- political power?
|
Niccolo Machiavelil
|
|
|
From who's point of view a prince's attitude toward power must be based on an understanding of human nature, which he believed was basically self-centered
|
niccolo machiavelil
|
|
|
He was among the 1st to abandon morality as the basis for analyzing political power
|
niccolo machiavelil
|
|
|
believed education could dramatically change human beings
|
humanist educators
|
|
|
wrote books on education and opened schools based on their ideas
|
humanist educators
|
|
|
said students should study: history, moral philosophy, eloquence(rhetoric), letters(grammar and logic), poetry, mathematics, astronomy, and music
|
humanist educators
|
|
|
thought that a humanist education was a practical preparation for life
|
humanist educators
|
|
|
Renaissance artists sought to imitate what in there works?
|
nature
|
|
|
Renaissance artists wanted onlookers to see the what of the objects or events they were portraying?
|
reality
|
|
|
The Renaissance artists were developing a new what?
|
world perspective
|
|
|
The most important northern school of art in the 15th was found where, one of the low countries?
|
Flanders
|
|
|
In whose eyes were human beings were powerlessin the sight of an almighty god and could never do enough good works to earn salvation?
|
Martin Luther
|
|
|
Who believed that humans are not saved through their good works but through their faith in god?
|
Martin Luther
|
|
|
Who had arrived at his understanding of salvation by studying the bible?
|
Martin Luther
|
|
|
By this martin luther was made an outlaw within the empire ?
|
edict of worms
|
|
|
Whose works were to be burned and himself captured and delievered to the emperor by the edict of worms?
|
Martin Luther
|
|
|
Who sent luther into hiding because he was unwilling to see him killed?
|
Elector Frederick of Savony
|
|
|
Charles V was the emperor of what?
|
Holy Roman empire
|
|
|
Holy roman empire consists of what lands?
|
Spain and its colonies, the Austrian Lands, bohemia, hungary, the low countries. the duchy of milan in northern italy, and the kingdom of naples in southern italy
|
|
|
Charles V wanted to keep this enormous empire under the control of his dystany(the Hapsburgs) in what way?
|
politically
|
|
|
In what way did Charles V hope to preserve the unity of his empire by keeping it catholic?
|
religlously
|
|
|
Who did Charles the fifth have a rivalary with?
|
King of France francis I
|
|
|
Whose rivalary led to a serires of wars that lasted over 20 years?
|
Charles the fifth and Francis I
|
|
|
Who believed in the doctrine of justification by faith alone to explain how humans achieved salvation just like martin luther?
|
John calvin
|
|
|
Who placed much emphasis on the all-powerful nature of god-(power,grace, and glory of god)?
|
john calvin
|
|
|
determined before you were born if you were saved or condemend-that later confirmed that they were doing's God's work on earth
|
predestination
|
|
|
People who strongly disliked giving such power to the state. These were radicals known as what?
|
Anabaptists
|
|
|
To whom is the true christain church was a voluntary community of adult believers who had undergone spirtiual rebirth and had then been baptized.
|
Anabaptists
|
|
|
who beleived in following he practices and spirit of early christianity?
|
Anabaptists
|
|
|
who considered believers to be equal
|
anabaptists
|
|
|
who believed in the complete separation of church and state
|
Anabaptists
|
|
|
Who were regarded as dangerous becausse of their political beliefs?
|
Anabaptists
|
|
|
In march 1545, a group of cardinals, archbishops, bishops, abbots, and theologians, met in the city of what?
|
trent
|
|
|
Met on and off for how many years?
|
18 years
|
|
|
The what of the council of Trent reaffirmed traditional catholic teachings in opposition to protestant beliefs
|
final decrees
|
|
|
Thomas Edison invented what?
|
the light bulb
|
|
|
Who in 1903 made the first flight in a fixed-wing plane at kitty hawk, North Carolina?
|
The wright brothers ( Orville and Wilbur Wright)
|
|
|
What won the right to strike in the 1870's
|
Trade unions in England
|
|
|
What is a trade union also called?
|
labor union
|
|
|
What used strikes to raise wages, better working conditions, and gain the right of collective bargaining?
|
trade unions/labor unions
|
|
|
By 1914, there were almost4 million workers in what?
|
trade unions/labor unions
|
|
|
The 2nd industrial revolution opened the door to new jobs for who?
|
women
|
|
|
a high demand for relatively, coupled with shortage of male workers led many employers to hire who?
|
women
|
|
|
expansion of government services created opportunities for who to be secretaries and telephone operators, education, health, and social services?
|
women
|
|
|
daughters in working class families were expected to work until they were what?
|
married
|
|
|
childhood was over by the age of what for kids of the working class. They would become apprentices or work odd jobs
|
nine or ten
|
|
|
what people do for fun
|
leisure
|
|
|
What are two types of leisure introduced in the 2nd industrial revolution?
|
amusement park and team sports
|
|
|
The new forms of leisure were made for type of crowds?
|
large
|
|
|
France became a republic when?
|
1875
|
|
|
Who began his rule in Russia in 1894
|
Nicholas II
|
|
|
Who believed that the absolute power of the czars should be preserved?
|
Nicholas II
|
|
|
Nicholas II was forced to grant civil liberties and create a legislative assembly called a what? It was short lived.
|
Duma
|
|
|
on what day did a massive procession workers go to the winter palace in St. Petersburg to present a petition to the czar?
|
January 22, 1905
|
|
|
Austria-Hungary annexed what two territories?
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
|
|
Who was outraged by the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Serbia
|
|
|
The annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina prevented Serbia of creating what?
|
a large Serbian kingdom
|
|
|
Serbia blamed who for their failure to create a large Serbian kingdom?
|
Austria-Hungary
|
|
|
Who believed in a mechanical conception of the universe that was based on the ideas of Issac newton?
|
westerners
|
|
|
To who was the universe was viewed as a giant machine?
|
westerners
|
|
|
They views of whom were seriously questioned at the end of the 19th century?
|
westerner
|
|
|
Charles's Darwin's theories were applied to human society in a radical way by nationalists and racists their ideas are known as what?
|
Social Dawrinism
|
|
|
What revolutionized music?
|
Rite of Spring
|
|
|
When what was performed in Paris in 1913, the sounds and rhythms of the music and dance caused a near riot by an outraged audience?
|
Rite of Spring
|
