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167 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aztecs
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Greatest empire of the mesoamerica valley of mexico. Religion played a larger role. Empire weakened during Montezuma.
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Quetzalcoatl
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Feathered serpent god king. Ruled in peace. Aztec creator god sacraficed to him.
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Montezuma
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Leader of Aztecs when Cortez conquered them.
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Incas
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Built empire on foundations thousands of years old. In Peru Incan ruler descended from sun god. Government was divided into sections.
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Sacrifice
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Using something to please your god or leader. Sacrificed humans to Quetzalcoatl and animals. Llamas by Incas.
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Reasons for exploration
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Glory
God Gold |
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Columbus
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Discovered Americas when he landed in Carribean.
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Cortez
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Conquered Aztecs
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Pizzaro
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Conquered Incas
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Scientific Revolution/Enlightenment
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Geocentric vs hellocentric
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Medieval vs Scientific Revolution thought
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thought earth was the center and everything else moved around it was medieval. Sun being center was more advanced.
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Scientifc Method
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Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion.
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Aristotle/Plotemy
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Ancient greek philosophers that made geocentric theroy their ideas...went against the bible and were not correct in that time
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Copernicus
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Study planetary movement for 25 years. He reasoned that the sun stood at the center of stars and planets. Heliocentric theory caused a stir.
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Galileo
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Built on theories of astronomy. Built telescope. Proved other theories were wrong or right. Church did not believe his theories and made him say they were wrong.
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Harvey
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Studied functions of hear and blood and the human circulatory system.
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Vesalius
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Studied cadavers and wrote books on human body and location of organ systems rather than anatomy of pigs.
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Geocentric
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Common sense idea that the earth was the center. Went along with Religous views.
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Heliocentric
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Copernicus's idea that the sun is central. Did completely explain planets motions. Contradicted many religous views.
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Enlightenment
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A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought power of individuals to solve problems.
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Divine Right
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Idea that monarchs are god's representatives and therefore god's will is being done through them. Right to rule from god.
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Philosophes
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French word for philosophers. Believed that peopl could apply reason to science. Hobbes, Therova, Montesquieu
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Social Contract
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agreement by which people created a government between ruler and people.
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Montesquieu
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Influential French writer devoted to studying political liberty. Believed Britian was the best nation in the world.
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Locke
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Positive view of human nature. Believed people could learn from experience. Critizied Monarchy. Inspired Revolutions.
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Hobbes
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Expressed his ideas that all people were naturally evil and wicked. Governments were necessary to keep order. Believed in Totalitarianism was necessary.
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Rousseau
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Committed to individual freedom. Got recognition as a writer of essays.
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Voltaire
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Used Satire against opponents, targeting the clergy and aristocracy. Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion and speech.
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1st, 2nd, 3rd Estates.
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Social Classes. 1st and 2nd were priviledged. 1st estate was clergy and owned land. 2nd were rich nobles. 3rd estate was 97% poor. Was divided into groups.
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Estates General
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An assembly of representatives from each estate.
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Versailles
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The king and queens home outside of Paris that was ridiculousy huge and where they ran to when they were going to get killed.
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King Louis XVI
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Want to attain political, economic and social brilliance. France was most powerful under him
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Marie Antoinette
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Queen of France. Spent too much money and did not care about the government
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Old Regime
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The social and political system of France that remained throughout the 1770's.
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Absolute Monarchy
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A type of government where one person has complete control.
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Republic
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Governement run by the people. Occurred after monarch fell.
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Bourgeoisis
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Middle Class, bankers, factory workers, well educated and believed in Enlightenment. Some were rich as Nobles but they paid high taxes
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Reasons for Revolution
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Wanted freedom and did not want ruler of Czar anymore. Wanted better wages. economy and enlightenment.
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Tennis Court Oath
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Pledge made by third estate when they were locked out of meeting; vowed to stay until constitution was made
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Declaration of Rights of Man
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Statement of Revolutionary ideas guaranteed equal justice, freedom of speech, Liberty, equality and fraternity.
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Storming of Bastille
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3rd Estates stormed Bastille for gun powder. Bastille was a prision.
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Great Fear
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Third Estate was scared that the King was setting military after them so they broke into Nobles homes and burned and stole things
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Emigres
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Fled France, Nobles fear of what was going on and hopes that they would be able to return and be Noble again.
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Reign of Terror
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Period of Robespierre's rule over France and a dictator and everyone was his enemy.
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Robespierre
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Jacobian leader who slowly gained power against religion that caused changes. Everyone was in fear of him.
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Guillotine
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New techology to make beheading more humane and quicker. Used largely during this time period.
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Coup de etat
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Blow to the state. Government overthrow.
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Napoleon
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Hero of revolution. A vote of the people then made him in charge of France
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Effects of Revolution
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Why Great Britian?
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Geography. Land. Labor. Capital. Stable Banking. Population Growth. Waterways. Land. Iron Ore. People moving to cities.
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Enclosure movement
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Farms were grouped together and enclosed by the government to produce more and make it owned by the government.
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Entrepreneur
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Someone willing to take a risk and start a business.
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Domestic vs Factory System
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People work at home in domestic, set own wages, items and hours. Factory all the same. quicker. Boss sets hours and wages.
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Child Labor
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Child labor was especially bad during industrial revolutions with terrible conditions and young children working.
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Utopia
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The idea of a perfect world
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Capitalism
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An economic system in which factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures.
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Adam Smith
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Defended ideas of free economy in his novel - Wealth of Nations
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Laissez- Faire
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"Wealth of Nation" Adam Smiths believed that government should not interfere with business.
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Karl Marx
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introduced the radical ype of socialism called marxism, proletariat took control.
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Bourgeoisie
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Middle Capitalist Class that was formed during the industrial revolution . Owned most businesses and factories.
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Communist Manifesto
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By Marx and Engels where they stated that the Industrial Revolution enriched wealthy and impoverished poor.
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Socialism
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Government in which factors of production are owned by public and benefit all.
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Communism
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Complete Socialism -- all means of production are owned by public. Goods and services would be divided equally
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Child Labor
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Child labor was especially bad during industrial revolutions with terrible conditions and young children working.
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Utopia
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The idea of a perfect world
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Capitalism
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An economic system in which factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures.
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Adam Smith
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Defended ideas of free economy in his novel - Wealth of Nations
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Laissez- Faire
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"Wealth of Nation" Adam Smiths believed that government should not interfere with business.
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Karl Marx
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introduced the radical ype of socialism called marxism, proletariat took control.
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Bourgeoisie
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Middle Capitalist Class that was formed during the industrial revolution . Owned most businesses and factories.
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Communist Manifesto
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By Marx and Engels where they stated that the Industrial Revolution enriched wealthy and impoverished poor.
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Socialism
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Government in which factors of production are owned by public and benefit all.
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Communism
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Complete Socialism -- all means of production are owned by public. Goods and services would be divided equally
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Proletariat
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Working Class that did not benefit from the industrial revolution and was poor
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Private/Public Ownership
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Private was capitalist society and public was socialist and communist
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Individualism/Competition
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Examples of capitalist government -- people buy and sell for profit and are able to compete.
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Traiditional/Market/Command Economy
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Command is communism Government involved. Traditional is found in 3rd world - agriculture. Market = US-- no government.
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Causes of Imperialism
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Want to own more land and expand power.
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Indirect Rule
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Imerialists work through the leader of the tribe and do not take complete control.
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Direct Rule
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People come in and take complete control of the group.
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Assimilation
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Forcing people in the colonies to adapt the Imperialistic countries traditions, speech and culture.
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Paternalism
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The belief that others were uncivilized and needed a "parent" to guide them in the correct direction.
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White Man's burden
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Poem about god given burden. The burden of having to make the people of colonies become more civilized and the difficulty of this made it the ..."white mans burden".
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Effects on Africa
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South Africa/Apartheid
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Dutch - British - Anglo - Boer War. British establish Apartheid/Segregation
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Triple Alliance
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Prewar Germany -- Austria, Hungary and Italy
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Triple Entente
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Britian France and Russia
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Causes of WWI
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Nationalism, Alliances, Militarism, Imperialism. Tension between Austria and Serbia over Bosnia
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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Austria - Hungary - he was assainated - his death was the final straw in the beginning of the war...
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Ultimatum
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Final thing offered that Serbia could do or Austria would declare war on them. Serbia did not agree to it!
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Central Powers
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Germany, Austria, Hungary
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Allied Powers
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Great Britian, Russia, France
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Neutrality (Neutral Powers)
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Spain and Belbium - also Netherlands
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Schlieffen Plan
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Plan for Germany to avoid a two front war. Beat France first while Russia moblizes then deal with Russia. Enter through Belgium and sneak in.
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Sequence of WWI Events
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Austria want to take over.
Serbia Outraged Archduke assassinated Russia moves. Germany Declares War on Russia and France. Enters France through Belgium Britian declares war on germany. US Enters |
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Western Front
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Stalemate along Northern France. France figures out Schlieffen Plan
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Isolationism
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US avoiding war - not getting involved.
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Lusitania
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Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare and sunk the boak for no reason killing american citizens on board. Us was about to enter war.
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Zimmerman Telegram
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Stated that Germany would help Mexico reclaim lands lost to the US if Mexico would support them. This was the last straw and the US entered the war.
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Treaty of Versailles
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Between Germany and Allied Powers. Treaty created League of Nations and made Germany pay reparations
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Big Four
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Orlando - Lloyd George -- Wilson -- Clemenceau
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14 Points
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Wilson's ideas to avoid another world war, not many accepted these ideas
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League of Nations
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system set up by a result of Wilsons 14 Points but this failed -US was not involved.
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Czar Nicolas II
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Continued Autocracy although times were changing. Many people were unhappy with rapid changes.
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Bloody Sunday (1905 Revolution)
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Workers marched to kings and he was not there. Soliders began shooting them even though they were innocent and charmed.
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March 1917 Revolution (result_)
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Duma is created (1st Parliment). Nicolas gives up throne and is killed.
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Bolsheviks (and their slogan)
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Peace, Land, Bread.
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Provisional Government (Kerensky)
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Temporary Government led by Kerenksy
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Lenin
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Major leader of Bolsheviks -- he had to flee from Russia for risk of getting in trouble but he kept contact.
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Stalin
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Lenin's successor -- he was cold - hard - he was a Bolshevik -- began totalitarianist government
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Treaty of Brest - Litvosk
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Treaty in which Russia gave Gernmany a portion of lant to get out of the WWI
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NEP
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New Economic Policy
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5 Year Plan
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Plans made by Stalin to get Russia Equal with other nations economically and ways of Production
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Totalitarianism
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Government where the dictator has complete and total control. Everyone listens to them.
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Fascism
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Government that emphasizes loyalty to ones state and obedience to the leader.
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Stalin
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Totalitarian leader of Russia during WWII. Only Totalitarian country that was on the Allied Side
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Mussolini
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Italy's Totalitarian Leader
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Hitler
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Germany's totalitarian Leader. Meinkemph - final solition. Caused Holocaust
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Reparations
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Costs that Germany had to pay for WWII - caused inflation because Germany simply printed worthless money
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Total War
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Everything and Everyone was devoted to the war -- brought world out of depression
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Appeasement
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Allowing the agressor to have a little of what they want hoping they will stop at that. Britain and France did this for Germany
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Blitzkrieg
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Fast war from air and land - lightening
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Allied Powers
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US Britian France Soviets
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Axis Powers
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Japan
Germany Italy |
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Pearl Harbor
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Surprise Japanese attack on American Military Port. Dec 7th 1941. Easily brought US into War on Allied Side. Took America out of Japans Pacific conquest
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Non-Aggression Pact
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Germany and Russia will not attack each other and will split Poland
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Anti - Semitism
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Prejudice against Jews
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Propaganda
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Advertisement that shows abiased view so countries will want to support a war/leaders
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Holocaust
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Genocide of millions innocent people by Nazi party - led by Hitler fromj 1939-1945
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Final Solution
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Hitlers final way of freeing Germany of non-aryians. Led to the mass genocide of jews. Homosexuals, gypsies
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Ayran
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Hitlers ideal person - master race- believed they were superior
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D-Day
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Largest attack - allied invaded Nazi occupied France to save it. Millions of soliders. Used a fake out attack.
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Atomic Bomb
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Used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki -- used because Roosevelt did not want to loose many more lives.
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Czar Nicolas II
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Continued Autocracy although times were changing. Many people were unhappy with rapid changes.
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Bloody Sunday (1905 Revolution)
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Workers marched to kings and he was not there. Soliders began shooting them even though they were innocent and charmed.
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March 1917 Revolution (result_)
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Duma is created (1st Parliment). Nicolas gives up throne and is killed.
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Bolsheviks (and their slogan)
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Peace, Land, Bread.
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Provisional Government (Kerensky)
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Temporary Government led by Kerenksy
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Lenin
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Major leader of Bolsheviks -- he had to flee from Russia for risk of getting in trouble but he kept contact.
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Stalin
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Lenin's successor -- he was cold - hard - he was a Bolshevik -- began totalitarianist government
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Treaty of Brest - Litvosk
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Treaty in which Russia gave Gernmany a portion of lant to get out of the WWI
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NEP
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New Economic Policy
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5 Year Plan
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Plans made by Stalin to get Russia Equal with other nations economically and ways of Production
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Totalitarianism
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Government where the dictator has complete and total control. Everyone listens to them.
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Fascism
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Government that emphasizes loyalty to ones state and obedience to the leader.
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Stalin
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Totalitarian leader of Russia during WWII. Only Totalitarian country that was on the Allied Side
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Mussolini
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Italy's Totalitarian Leader
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Hitler
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Germany's totalitarian Leader. Meinkemph - final solition. Caused Holocaust
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Reparations
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Costs that Germany had to pay for WWII - caused inflation because Germany simply printed worthless money
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Total War
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Everything and Everyone was devoted to the war -- brought world out of depression
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Appeasement
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Allowing the agressor to have a little of what they want hoping they will stop at that. Britain and France did this for Germany
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Blitzkrieg
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Fast war from air and land - lightening
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Allied Powers
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US Britian France Soviets
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Armistice
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Time of peace when war is ending but a treaty or agreement has been made
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Genocide - causes
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ethnic cleansing
Race Elimination War |
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Recent countries that have had genocide
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Rwanda
Cambodia Ukraine Darfur Armenia |
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Cold War
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A time of little to no contact between the Soviets and the US. Never any direct warfare between the two -- used other countries to fight
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Space Race
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During cold war - Soviets and US fight to be the first in space. Soviets were in space and US was on the moon.
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Arms Race
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Similar to space race -- race to build up arms and have the most weapons. neither of them would use their weapons
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Division of Germany and Berlin
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Germany was divided between the allies, French, Russia, Britian and US. Into west and east. Berlin was divided the same with a cement wall.
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Fall of Berlin Wall
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At the end of the cold war in 1991 the wall fell so Berlin was no longer seperated and the was was knocked down.
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Arms Race
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Similar to space race -- race to build up arms and have the most weapons. neither of them would use their weapons
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Division of Germany and Berlin
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Germany was divided between the allies, French, Russia, Britian and US. Into west and east. Berlin was divided the same with a cement wall.
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Fall of Berlin Wall
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At the end of the cold war in 1991 the wall fell so Berlin was no longer seperated and the was was knocked down.
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Arms Race
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Similar to space race -- race to build up arms and have the most weapons. neither of them would use their weapons
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Division of Germany and Berlin
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Germany was divided between the allies, French, Russia, Britian and US. Into west and east. Berlin was divided the same with a cement wall.
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Fall of Berlin Wall
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At the end of the cold war in 1991 the wall fell so Berlin was no longer seperated and the was was knocked down.
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