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109 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
differences in elevation or height of landforms
relief
north, south, east, and west are known as ________ __________
cardinal directions
The precise precision of a place on a globe
absolute location
shapes of physical features on the earth's surface
topography
a way of representing the round Earth on a flat surface
map projection
run from pole to pole (vertical); measure east and west of the Prime Meridian
longitude
where a place is in relation to other places
relative location
Why is location an important geographic theme?
because you wouldn't know where anything is
What is the Mercator Projection often used for?
sailing
to show change in two variables over a period of time
line graphs
What question does the geographic theme of place answer?
What factor determines where to build a new community
What do geographers use the subjects of history for?
to help them understand what places looked like in the past
Northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest are ___________ __________
intermediate directions
What do geographers use political science for?
to help see how often people on different places are governed
What map projection has the North or South Pole in the middle?
Mercator
What is the latitude for the Tropic of Cancer?
23 1/2 N
What is the latitude for the Tropic of Capricorn?
23 1/2 S
maps that show a single idea about an area
special purpose
the shortest distance between two places on earth
great circle route
Why are regions important to geographers?
to help interpret Earth's complexity
part of earth that supports life
biosphere
land surrounded by water on 3 sides
peninsula
earth's crust; land above and below the oceans
lithosphere
a narrow piece of land that connects two continents
isthmus
process that breaks rocks into pieces
weathering
group or chain of islands
archipelago
the natural features of the earth's surface
landforms
What is the deepest part of the ocean?
Mariana Trench
water dissolves some chemicals in rocks causing them to crumble
chemical weathering
Earth's rotation causes ___ and _____
day and night
oils, coal, natural gas
fossil fuels
Where does most of earth's groundwater come from?
from rain and melted snow that settles through the soil
wearing away of the Earth's surface
erosion
What affect do water currents have on nearby coastal lands?
cool current cool the land they pass; warm currents have a warmer effect
ranges from fairly hot to fairly cold; usually hot in the summer and cold in the winter
temperate climate
elevation above which it is too cold for trees to grow
timberline
the dry side of a mountain
leeward side
sun is directly over the Tropics of Cancer or Capricorn
solstice
What creates wind on the earth's surface
temperatures create differences in the air pressure on earth's surface
What two things are the main causes of smog?
UV radiation, automobile exhaust
The northeast and midwest US has ___ ________ climate
low latitude
frequently windless area near the equator caused by trade winds that cancel each other out
doldrums
when the sun's rays directly strike the equator
equinox
How are winds named?
according to the direction they came from
What determines the climate of highland zones
it varies with elevation
What side of the mountains do you find rain shadows?
leeward side
Russian word for forest
taiga
dry area on leeward side of the mountains
rain shadow
What direction do currents flow in the Southern Hemisphere?
counterclockwise
What has more extreme temperatures, coastal or interior lands?
coastal
What is a mixed forest?
a forest with both evergreen and deciduous trees
condition of atmosphere in one place during a short period of time
weather
weather patterns that an area typically experiences during a long period of time
climate
What 2 factors cause the earth;s changing seasons?
Earth's revolution an tilt
The continental divide in the US is located in the _______.
rockies
warm, dry wind that blows down the eastern side of the Rockies in the late winter and early spring
chinook
a hurricane in the pacific
typhoon
water sources where rivers begin
headwaters
What is the longest mountain chain in North America?
Rocky Mountains
What are two area of the US where tropical climates are found?
southeast tip of Florida and Hawaii
What do Canadians call the Great Plains?
interior or high plains
line that separates rivers that flow toward opposite ends of the continent
continental divide
What is the northernmost climate in North America?
Ice cap
What area makes up the Gulf Coastal Plain?
extends from Florida to Texas
How much of the US and Canada consist of timber reserves?
1/3
the oldest mountain range in North America
Application Mountains
What is the tallest mountain in North America and where is it located?
Mt. McKinley, Alaska
What is the hottest place in the US and what is it's elevation?
Death Valley; 282ft. below sea level
department of heads that forms a presidents group of special advisers
cabinet
_________ means two official languages
bilingual
Americans who wanted to stay loyal to Britain
United Empower Loyalist
Name 3 reasons why Europeans came to Canada and the US
farmland, minerals, religious freedom
What is the largest city in North America and how many people live there?
New York City; 8.1 million people
The first people to migrate to the US and Canada where from ____
Asia
a change to the constitution
amendment
cultivating the land so that it caught and held rain water
dry farming
What did the economic in the north-atlantic rely on?
good harbors, timber, and fishing
chain of closely linked metropolitan cities
megalopolis
government where people elect their own officials including head of state
republic
Canada is made up of _ province and _ territories
10; 3
a crop grown for profit
cash crop
What is the total population the the US and Canada and what are the most populated areas?
340 million; US - 310 million, Canada - 30 million; Northeast, West Coast, Great Plains Region
outlying communities near cities
suburbs
______ ______ is created with completing the Panama Canal?
United States
slope or long cliff between two surfaces of different heights
Escarpment
fertile plains and grasslands of Columbia and Venezuela
llanos
covering of treetops that keep the sun from reaching the rainforest floor
canopy
What makes up Middle America?
Mexico and 7 other countries
high plain
Altiplano
Name 4 Latin American cities that are among the world's most populated?
Mexico City, San Paulo, Rio de Janero, Buenos Aires
major native american language in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia
quechua
native american and european people
mestizo
Where was the Mayan empire mainly located?
Mexico
african and european people
mulattoe
_____ was the 1st Latin American country to gain independence from a European country
Haiti
What native american group settles in Mexico?
Aztecs
popular holiday celebrated just before Lent
Carnival
What was the greatest city of the Mayans?
Tebal
Mexico is the largest _______ ________ country in the world
spanish speaking
Where was the Inca Empire located?
Peru
What was the Aztec capital city?
Tenochtitlan
What Latin American country has the lowest population density?
Suriname
What native american group settled on the Yucatan Peninsula?
Mayans
spanish conquers who overpower the Antecs and the Incas and seized their wealth
conquistadors
sugarcane plantations
fazenda
Countries in Latin America refer soccer as ______.
futbol
What country in Latin America has the high population density
Barbados
rope with knotted cords of various lengths used to keep records and send messages
quipu
"strong men", usually military rulers who are supported by wealthy land owners
caudillos