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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Unam Sanctum
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Declared the supremacy of spiritual authority over temporal authority.
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Conciliarists
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Belief that final spiritual authority rests in a church council, not a pope
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Lollards
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-Followed Prof. John Wycliffe
-Advocated community not the church -Use of English not Latin |
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Petrarch
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-Father of Italian Renaissance Humanism
-Lacked all modesty -First to characterize Middle Ages as “Dark Ages” -Rejected Scholasticism -Reconciling faith and reason through logic steps -Intellectual life = solitude |
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Civic humanism
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Emerged out of Florentine republicanism
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Leonardo Bruni
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-city official and patriot
-studied Greek writers (Plato, Euripides, Sophacles) -admired Cicero as fusion of political action and writing. -one should live an active life for one’s state -called for citizen participation |
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Lorenzo Valla
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-priest and university professor
-became private secretary of Alfonso V of Aragon -Criticized the Donation of Constantine -Claimed the Emperor Constantine I gave the entire Western Roman Empire to Catholic Church. -Texts themselves have a history |
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Francesco Guicciardini
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-Father of Modern History
-Wrote the history of Italy |
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Christine de Pisan
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-biographer of the French Kings
-Supported by Queen Isabelle -The book of the City of Ladies |
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Isabelle d' Este
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-called “First Lady of the World”
-Skilled in politics and negotiation |
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Savonarola
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-zealous Dominican priest
-called for a purge of evils of society “Bonfire of the Vanities” |
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Niccolò Machiavelli
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-entered diplomatic service; a staunch republican
-Secretary to the council of Ten -Traveled extensively -Tortured and exiled in 1513 when Medici returned to power in Florence |
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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-Portugal and Spain
-that’s why Portuguese in Brazil -other Europeans – France not happy Popes to decide? |
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Olmec
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-“parent” culture of region
-glyphs, sculpture and astronomical calendar |
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Adena-Hopewell
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-500BCE – 400 CE
-Mound builders |
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Encomienda
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A royal protector ship granted with the obligation to protect and Christianize the people instead natives became virtual slaves.
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Cortes
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The Spanish commander who conquered the Aztec Empire with a tiny force of Spaniards reinforced by numerous Indian allies.
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El Requiremento de 1513
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Those who subsequently resisted conquest were considered to harbor evil intentions. The Spaniards thus considered those who resisted as defying God’s plan, and so used Catholic theology to justify their killing.
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Bartolomé de las Casas
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A former encomendero and the first bishop of Chiapas who passionately defended Indian rights and urged the passage of laws abolishing Indian slavery.
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Jacques Cartier
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-explored Gulf of St. Lawrence and river
-Claimed “Canada” for France -Internal religious unrest halted expansion |
