Week 4-Chapter 11-Chapter Review-Motivation

Front 1

11-1
How do psychologists define motivation? From what perspectives do they view motivated behavior?

Back 1

-Motivation: a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
-Four perspective on motivation:
*Instinct-complex pattern in a species that is unlearned.
*Drive reduction theory- idea that psychological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
*Arousal theory-beyond homeostatic needs, motivation is triggered by arousal.
*Hierarchy of needs- pyramid of human needs that starts with physiological needs that must first be satisfied (food and water) before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.

Front 2

11-2
What psychological factors produce hunger?

Back 2

-Low glucose triggers hunger.
-Hunger is triggered by neural arcs, controlled by the hypothalamus to release hormones that trigger or diminish hunger.

Front 3

11-3
What psychological, cultural, and situational factors influence hunger?

Back 3

-Chemistry and environmental factors together influence hunger and taste preference.
-Sweet and salty are universal but preferences are conditioned. Culture affects taste.
-Situations control eating. People eat more when eating together. Quantity and variety influence eating.

Front 4

11-4
What factors predispose some people to become and remain obese?

Back 4

-Set points, metabolism, genetics, and environmental factors influence weight gain.

Front 5

11-5
What is the human sexual response cycle, and what disorders disrupt it?

Back 5

-Four stages of sexual responding-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
-Disorders include: erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, orgasmic dysfunction

Front 6

11-6
How do hormones, and external in internal stimuli, influence human sexual motivation?

Back 6

-Hormones activate sexual behavior; estrogen in women and testosterone in men. Ovulation is a time for sexual peak in women, men are more continuous.
-Internal factors of sexuality are considered a "want" rather than a "need". Imagination can stimulate sexual desire.
-External stimuli, such a pornography stimulate sexual desire.

Front 7

11-7
What factors influence teen pregnancy and risk of sexually transmitted infection?

Back 7

-Factors increasing risk include: little communication about birth control, guilt, alcohol, media.
-Teenage girls without protective antibodies increased risk.

Lower risk groups:
-High intelligence
-Religion
-Father
-Programs

Front 8

11-8
What has research taught us about sexual orientation?

Back 8

-Homosexuality is not a mental disorder or social problem.
-Homosexuals do appear more in certain populations
-Brains do differ with neurotransmitter clusters
-There is genetic influence
-Prenatal hormones do affect sexual orientation

Front 9

11-9
Is scientific research on sexual motivation value free?

Back 9

-Every effort is made to exclude values from scientific research as it is a basis for bias

Front 10

11-10
What evidence points to our human need to belong?

Back 10

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Front 11

11-11
How does social networking influence us?

Back 11

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Front 12

11-12
What is "flow", and what are the three sub fields of industrial organizational psychology?

Back 12

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Front 13

11-13
How do personnel psychologists help organizations with employee selection, work placement, and performance appraisal?

Back 13

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Front 14

11-14
What is achievement motivation? What is the role of organizational psychologists?

Back 14

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Front 15

11-15
What are some effective leadership techniques?

Back 15

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Front 16

11-16
How do human factor psychologists work to create user-friendly machines and work settings?

Back 16

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