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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Copper |
Long term exposure: liver and kidney damage Corrosion in household plumbing, erosion of natural deposits |
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Cyanide (free cyanide) |
Nerve damage, thyroid problems Discharge from steel/metal/plastic/fertilizer factories |
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Fluoride |
Bone disease Water additive for teeth, erosion of natural deposits, discharge from fertilizer/Al factories |
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Lead |
Mental health, death Corrosion of household plumbing, erosion of natural deposits |
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Mercury (inorganic) |
Kidney damage, Erosion of natural deposits, runoff from refineries/factories, landfills and croplands |
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Nitrate/Nitrite |
Harmful to infants
Runoff from fertilizer, leaking of septic tanks, sewage, erosion of natural deposits |
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Groundwater Treatment Objective |
Remove hardness, hard 120-180 mg/L CaCO3 disinfect to prevent pathogens pH>8.5 |
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Surface Water Treatment Objectives |
Remove turbidity and color Disinfect to remove pathogens pH>8.5 |
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Groundwater Treatments |
lime addition, filtration, rapid mix basin, slow mix basin, bore hole well, chlorination for disinfection, fluoride addition, aerator, recarbonation |
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Surface Water Treatments |
Alum addition, filtration, rapid mix basin, slow mix basin, chlorination for disinfection fluoride addition |
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Coagulation, Flocculation, and Sedimentation |
Coagulation = chemically conditioning colloids flocc = forming fat flocculant sedimentation = settling of flocculant |
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Sedimentation Types |
1. Discrete - sphere part. in laminar flow 2. Settling - floc settling (jar test, bench test) 3. Zone Settling - high solids concentration |
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Media Types |
Sand, anthracite, garnet media layers based upon density from least to most from top to bottom |
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Influent vs Effluent (turbidity) |
Influent - incoming surface water (1-10 NTU) effluent - processed water (0.1 NTU) |
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Particle Removal Mechanisms |
1. Gravity >1microns 2. Inertia 3. Interception 4. Diffusion <1 microns all require coagulation |
