Water Treatment

Front 1

the reversible exchange of ions between a liquid and a solid.

Back 1

Ion Exchange

Front 2

the process whereby impurities present in the incoming fluid (water) are removed by exchanging impure ions with H+ and OH‑ ions, resulting in the formation of pure water.

Back 2

Demineralize

Front 3

an ion with a negative charge.

Back 3

Anion

Front 4

an ion with a positive charge

Back 4

Cation

Front 5

3 reasons for removing impurities in Rx water:

Back 5

To minimize corrosion
To minimize radiation levels
To minimize fouling of heat transfer surfaces.

Front 6

are large molecules formed by the combining many molecules of one or two compounds in a repeating structure that produces long chains.

Back 6

Polymers

Front 7

a vessel, usually with a volume of several cubic feet, that contains the resin.

Back 7

Mixed-bed demineralizer

Front 8

a ratio of the concentration (or activity) of the fluid at the inlet compared to the concentration (or activity) at the effluent, which expresses the effectiveness of an ion exchange process.

Back 8

Decontamination Factor

Front 9

ion exchange resins are formed in the shape of very small beads, called ______, with an average diameter of about 0.005 millimeters.

Back 9

resin beads

Front 10

The relative strength of the ionic attraction between different ions

Back 10

Relative Affinity

Front 11

5 filtration mediums (7)

Back 11

Ion exchangers
Sand
Activated Charcoal
Anthracite
Diatomaceous Earth

Front 12

How mixed-bed ion exchangers control PH

Back 12

As reactor coolant passes through the ion exchange system, ionic impurities will be removed and NH4+ and OH‑ will be added.
Thus, the resin serves both to purify the coolant and to help maintain the pH of the coolant by releasing NH4OH.

Front 13

Resin Malfunctions (9)

Back 13

Channeling
Breakthrough
Exhaustion

Front 14

the attraction between a resin and a given ion

Back 14

Affinity

Front 15

a ratio of the concentration (or activity) of the fluid at the inlet compared to the concentration (activity) at the effluent, which expresses the effectivenes of an ion exchange process.

Back 15

Decontamination Process

Front 16

exchanges positive ions

Back 16

Cation Resin

Front 17

Exchanges negative ions

Back 17

Anion Resin

Front 18

We use the _____ to classify atoms.

Back 18

Atomic Number

Front 19

when the shared pair of electrons is not shared equally, one end of the bond is positive, and the other end is negative. This produces a bond with two poles.

Back 19

Polar Covalent Bond

Front 20

Is defined as the number of equivalents of solute dissolved in one liter of solution

Back 20

Normality

Front 21

The loss of electrons by one substance and the simultaneous gaining of electrons by another

Back 21

Oxidation- reduction Process

Front 22

Dissolved solids _____ conductivity

Back 22

Increase

Front 23

Methods to controld general corrosion?

Back 23

Passivation
Cathodic protection
Removal of corrosive agents
Chemical Additions

Front 24

Formation of an oxide layer

Back 24

Passivation

Front 25

Problems with Crud

Back 25

Foul heat transfer
radiation
radiative hot spots
crud burst lead to more corrosion
complicates disposal of coolant

Front 26

Locations susceptible to galvanic corrosion?

Back 26

Condenser tubes- brass
condenser tube sheet - steel allow

Front 27

Methods to minimize galvanic corrosion?

Back 27

insulate the junction
coat one of both
use similar metals
use pure water
sacrifical anodes

Front 28

formation of a compound, between the metal atoms on the surface of a grain boundary,of a monomolecular layer of the substance

Back 28

Chemisortion