W1D1 - Gross Anatomy - Heart And Mediastinum

Front 1

List the 4 regions of the mediastinum.

Back 1

Superior, Anterior, Middle and Posterior

Front 2

What is the contents as well as borders of the superior mediastinum.

Back 2

Location: from the superior thoracic aperture to the horizontal plane passing through the sternal angle and T4-T5 vertebra (Transverse thoracic plane)
Contents:
SVC
Brachiocephalic veins
Arch of aorta
Thoracic duct
Trachea
Esophagus
Thrymus
Vagus nerves
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Phrenic nerves

Front 3

What is the contents as well as borders of the Anterior mediastinum.

Back 3

Location: Between the body of the sternum and the transverse thoracic muscles anteriorly and the pericardium posteriorly, above the diaphragm and below the Transverse thoracic plane
Contents:
Remnants of the thymus
Lymph nodes
Fat
Connective tissue

Front 4

What is the contents as well as borders of the Middle mediastinum.

Back 4

Location: between the anterior and posterior mediastinum, above the diaphragm and below the Transverse thoracic plane
Contents:
Pericardium
Heart
Roots of the great vessels
Arch of azygos vein
Main bronchi

Front 5

What is the contents as well as borders of the posterior mediastinum.

Back 5

Location: Posterior to the pericardial cavity, above the diaphragm and below the Transverse thoracic plane
Contents:
Esophagus
Thoracic aorta
Axygos and hemiazygos veins
Thoracic duct
Vagus nerves
Sympathetic trunks
And splanchnic nerves

Front 6

Locate and describe the pericardium.

Back 6

a. Location: In the middle mediastinum
b. Description: Double-walled fibroserous membrane that encloses the heart and the roots of the its great vessels

Front 7

Differentiate between the fibrous and serous layers of the pericardium

Back 7

c. Fibrous layer of pericardium: Is the tough external sac that is continuous with the central tendon of the diaphragm and is internally lined by the serous layer. It protects the heart against sudden overfilling since its tough.
d. Serous layer of pericardium: Glistening smooth flattened membrane called the parietal layer of serous pericardium that is reflected onto the heart as the visceral layer of serous pericardium. It produces fluid lubricant for protection during movement.

Front 8

Which of the layers (fibrous or serous) is similar to the pleura and its layers?

Back 8

The pericardial serous layer has a parietal layer that reflects into a visceral layer like the pleura

Front 9

What is the relationship of the innermost layer of the pericardium to the heart?

Back 9

The visceral layer of serous pericardium is intimate and inseparable with the heart.

Front 10

Describe the pericardial cavity. What is th efunction of this "space"?

Back 10

is the potential space between the opposinglayers f the parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium. - normally contains a thin film of serous fluid that enables the heart to move and beat in a frictionless environment.

Front 11

Locate and describe the transverse pericardial sinus.

Back 11

a finger can be inserted in this sinus behind the aorta and pulmonary trunk yet anterior to the SVC

Front 12

Locate and descirbe the oblique sinus

Back 12

The SVC, inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins enter the heart; these vessels are partly covered by serous pericardium, which forms the oblique pericardial sinus, a wide recess posterior to the heart. - sinus is a cul-de-sac

Front 13

C. Trace the pericardiacophrenic arteries that supply the pericardium (Fig 1.21a). What is the origin of these arteries?

Back 13

Origin: internal thoracic artery

Path: inferior branch off the thoracic artery that accompanies the phrenic nerve in its path inferior between the pleura and pericardium, to the diaphragm, to which it is distributed.

Front 14

Explain the anatomical basis for Pericarditis –

Back 14

Inflammation of the pericardium that makes the serous surface layers rough causing friction during movement.

Front 15

Explain the anatomical basis for Pericardial effusion –

Back 15

passage of fluid from the pericardial capillaries into the pericardial cavity. The heart becomes compressed and unable to fill efficiently.

Front 16

Explain the anatomical basis for Cardiac tamponade –

Back 16

Heart compression that can be lethal since the fibrous pericardium is inelastic. It may result from internal bleeding in the pericardium. Slow increase in heart size will not result in cardiac tamponade.