Gross Anatomy & Histology Of Heart

Front 1

Right Margin Structures

Back 1

Structures: (superior→inferior): superior vena cava, R atrium, Inferior vena cava

Front 2

Left Margin Structures

Back 2

Structures: aortic arch, pulmonary trunk, auricle L atrium, L ventricle

Front 3

Base of heart

Back 3

where great vessels leave (superior)

Front 4

Apex heart

Back 4

lower left portion of heart

Front 5

RA features

Back 5

Auricle – vestige of the primitive heart
Crista terminalis – internal ridge that seperates pectinate muscle from smooth surface
Coronary sinus – coronary vessel venous drainage site. On deep/posterior wall.
Fossa ovalis – embryological remnant from R→L blood shunt in utero

Front 6

RV features

Back 6

R AtrioVentricular or tricuspid valve stops backflow into RA
Papillary muscle – each flap of valve (3) has 2 muscle + 2 chordae tenidae connections
Moderator band – specialized electric conduction system in ventricles
Trabeculae carnae – muscle that creates valley/ridges

Front 7

LA features

Back 7

Most posterior heart structure, near great vessels, incoming 2 pairs pulmonary veins
Smooth inner surface, still see foreamen ovale (remnant of fossa ovalis)

Front 8

LV features

Back 8

2 chordae tendinae/papillary muscles stabalize mitral (L atrioventricular valve)
Rough inner surface, thickest chamber walls

Front 9

Sulci of heart (3) – where vessels travel

Back 9

Atrioventricular (coronary) – seperates atria from ventricles
Anterior interventricular – as name suggests
Posterior interventricular – as name suggests

Front 10

Auscultatory Areas

Back 10

(where valve best heard)
Aortic area – 2nd i.c.s. right of sternum
Pulmonic area – 2nd i.c.s. left of sternum
Tricuspid area – left of sternal body, superior to xiphisternal junction (xyphoid process)
Mitral area – underneath left breast, about mid clavicular

Front 11

Right coronary a. (ant coronary sulcus)

Back 11

R marginal a. (RV supply)→Posterior interventricular a. (sometimes)

Front 12

Left coronary a.

Back 12

→ Ant. Interventricular a. (ant. IV sulcus)
→ circumflex branch. A . (post AV (coronary) sulcus)

Front 13

Papillary muscle names & locations

Back 13

Anterior papillary muscle – both right and left ventricles
Posterior papillary muscle – both right and left ventricles
Septal papillary muscle – right ventricle only

Front 14

Pectinate muscle location & description

Back 14

(right atrium) & prominent ridges atrial myocardium on inner surface atrium & both auricles.

Front 15

Trabeculae carnae location & description & function

Back 15

(inner surface ventricles), papillary muscles & round/irregular muscle columns & prevent suction (smooth wall), aid contracting valves

Front 16

Interventricular Septum

Back 16

thick muscle separates ventricles.

Front 17

Pericardial Sac layers (outer to inner)

Back 17

1. Outer - fibrous pericardium
2. Inner - serous pericardium (2 parts)
2a. parietal pericardium (fused & inseperable fibrous pericardium
2b. visceral pericardium - part of epicardium (layer just outside myocardium)

Front 18

Crista terminalis

Back 18

slightly raised portion that separates pectinate muscle (RA) from smooth surface that is closer to vena cava incoming to RA

Front 19

Moderator band

Back 19

found RV. concentric band just inferior to anterior papilary muscle

Front 20

RCA distributions

Back 20

RA, most RV, part of LV (diaphra. surface), post. 1/3 IV spetum, 60% time SA node, 80% time AV node

Front 21

LCA distributions

Back 21

LA, most LV, part, RV, Ant 2/3 IN septum, AV bundle, 40% time SA node

Front 22

Small cardiac v. (paired a.) (location)

Back 22

Small cardiac v. (r marginal a.) (ant. Coronary sulcus)

Front 23

Great Cardiac v. (paired a.) (location)

Back 23

Great cardiac v. (ant intervent a.) (ant. Interventricular sulcus)

Front 24

Middle Cardiac v. (paired a.) (location)

Back 24

Middle cardiac v. (post. Cardiac v.) (post. Interventricular sulcus)

Front 25

Coronary sinus (paired a.) (location)

Back 25

Coronary sinus (post. Coronary sulcus)

Front 26

Ant Cardiac v. (paired a.) (location)

Back 26

Ant. Cardiac v. (none) (drains directly into RA)

Front 27

Cardiac Plexus

Back 27

parasympathetic & sympathetic innervation & afferents (sensory)

Front 28

Cardiac Parasympathetic

Back 28

Parasympathetic (vagus) preganglionic that synapse in ganglia in plexus or on atria walls.

Front 29

Cardiac Sympathetics

Back 29

Sympathetics postganglionic from cervical/upper thoracic symp chain ganglia

Front 30

Heart Equivalents to Vessel layers

Back 30

Tunica intima = endocardium
Tunica media = myocardium
Tunica adventitia = epicardium/visceral pericardium

Front 31

Endocardium

Back 31

Endocardium – endothelium layer (basement layer), subendothelia CT (elastic/collagen/myocardium)

Front 32

Myocardium

Back 32

Myocardium – thickest part, attach to fibrous skeleton

Front 33

Epicardium

Back 33

Epicardium – CT layer(collagen, elastin) (nerves, nerve ganglia, lymphaic, vessels, adipocytes)